8o VEGETABLE DRUGS WITH ORGANIC STRUCTURE. 



egg-shaped and oval, with eccentric hilum and 

 numerous layers, the compound granules made up 

 of a large granule and one or more relatively small 

 kettledrum-shaped ones, 0.025-0.066 mm. Sago 

 starch. 



LYCOPODIUM. 



The spores of Lycopodium clavatum, L., and of other 

 species of Lycopodium, found in Europe, Asia, and North 

 America, in dry woods. 



Description. — Pure lycopodium forms a yellow, very 

 mobile powder, which floats upon water and is rapidly 

 ignited when thrown into a flame. Examined under 

 the microscope, it is composed of spores 25 microns 

 in diameter, of the shape of a triangular pyramid with 

 convex base. The entire surface of the spore is covered 

 by a delicate network of projecting ridges. When 

 crushed, the spores burst and drops of yellow oil exude. 



Chemistry. — The chief constituents are 20 to 47 per 

 cent, fatty oil, a volatile alkaloid, and 4 per cent. ash. 



Adulterants. — Lycopodium is frequently adulterated 

 with starch, inorganic substances, sulphur, and pollen of 

 coniferous trees. The appearance under the microscope 

 is so characteristic that sophistication can readily be 

 detected. 



LUPULINUM. 



Lupulinum consists of the glands obtained from the 

 strobiles of Humtdus Lupulus, L., a plant of the north 

 temperate zone. 



Description. — Under the microscope, lupulinum is seen to 

 consist of spherical bodies, containing two distinct halves. 

 The lower portion is made up of small, flat, polygonal cells, 

 the upper is a raised, homogeneous cuticle. The full- 

 sized gland measures 250 microns in diameter, but will vary 

 considerably in size and shape if the contents are less 



