no PLANT ORGANS OR PARTS OF PLANTS. 



True vessels are not found in the root of ipecac, unless 

 the vessel-like tracheids are included under that head; 

 functionally they certainly are vessels and, morphologi- 

 cally, approach them closely. If portions of the rhizome 

 are included in the powder of the root, spiral vessels 

 similar to those figured may be found, also typical stone- 

 like parenchymatic cells, also figured. 



Adulterations and Substitutions. — Undulated Ipecac. — 

 Richardsonia scabra has well-marked medullary rays 

 and spiral vessels. Undulated and wrinkled transversely 

 in the form of shallow constrictions, brownish-gray, 

 bark white, mealy, not bitter. The wood is nearly as thick 

 as bark. Microscopically, two round medullary ray rows, 

 vessels, and wood fibres are sufficiently distinctive. 



White Ipecac. — From lonidium Ipecacuanha. Violacece. 

 Somewhat branched, contorted, not annulate, longi- 

 tudinally wrinkled, whitish or pale brownish-yellow, 

 root porous, free from starch, 2 mm. thick. 



In powder, stone cells are found. New cortex also 

 contains sieve tubes. One-rowed medullary rays are also 

 to be found and a few vessels. 



Striated Ipecac. — Psychotria emetica. Vogl calls it 7. 

 glycyphlcea. Longitudinally wrinkled, not annulate, 8 

 microns thick, grayish-brown, sweet, no starch, no emetic. 

 Cortex waxy, inner half of periderm made up of regular 

 cells, tinged with dark violet. These have no starch, 

 but there are numerous crystals of calcium oxalate. 



Chemistry. — The chief constituents are emetine, i to 2 

 per cent. ; ipecacuanhic acid, an amorphous, bitter 

 glycoside, tannin, volatile oil, starch, gum, etc. 



RADIX SENEGA. SENEGA. 



The root of Poly gala Senega, from the United States. 

 Two varieties, Minnesota and Manitoba Senega, are 

 generally recognized. 



Description. — The root is elongated, sharply triangu- 



