1 70 



PLANT ORGANS OR P^RTS OF PLANTS. 



Quillaic acid 



(Ci«H3,0,J and 



Sapotoxin (C^^H^q^^^). 

 Saponin may be separ- 

 ated by boiling alco- 

 hol to the amount of 

 80 per cent., from the 

 powder from the dried 

 watery decoction of 

 Quillaja bark. It is a 

 white, amorphous, and 

 tasteless powder , which 

 does not produce sneez- 

 ing. It has, according 

 to Stutz, the formula 



Saponin is easily sol- 

 uble in water, insoluble 

 in ether or alcohol. It 

 gives up its contained 

 water only to alcohol. 

 Under the influence of 

 dilute acids it is, on 

 boiling, resolved into 

 sugar and crystalliz- 

 able sapogenin. 



Sapotoxin is amor- 

 phous, and easily solu- 

 ble in water. It gives 

 the burning acrid taste 

 to the bark, and is the 



cause of the irritating action on the nose and mucous 



membrane (Jacobi). 



Fig. 43. — Quillaja. 

 Longitudinal section of quillaja 

 bark showing: K, Large crystals of cal- 

 cium oxalate; bp, bast parenchyma; bf, 

 bast fibres; s, sieve tubes; m, medullary 

 rays (Moeller). 



CORTEX ANGOSTURA. ANGOSTURA BARK. 



This is the bark of a South American tree, variously 

 named Cusparia febrtfuga, Humboldt ; Gait pea officinalis, 

 Hancock; Galipea febrifuga, Baillon; Galipea Cusparia ^ 



