12 SUGAR 



In Scotland, where there were eighteen refineries, 

 there are now five, with one for brewers' sugar. Lan- 

 cashire, which had eleven refineries in 1860, now has 

 three, together with several makers of brewers' sugar. 

 Bristol is now a blank. 



These great changes are the result of many causes, 

 some natural and inevitable, others artificial, injurious 

 both to our industries and to our consumers, and not 

 only much to be deprecated but also, curiously enough, 

 easy to overcome. And yet they were permitted, 

 for more than thirty years, to create such a disturbance 

 of the natural course of production throughout the 

 world, that it will take some years to restore matters 

 to their normal state. The history of this part of our 

 subject will come at a later stage, and we must now 

 plunge into the more technical details of sugar 

 production. 



