TIIK FLOWERING PLANTS. 31 



adapted to fertilization by the wind or by insects? Give 

 reasons for your answer. 



8. Examine the flowers of as many Orchids as possible. 

 State for each one whether it is perfect, complete, regular, 

 symmetrical, or not. Any extended study of the Orchids 

 is too difficult for beginners. The great variety in colors 

 and shapes among the Orchids is believed to be the result 

 of variations to adapt the flowers to fertilization by par- 

 ticular insects, and to protect them from other insects that 

 would rob them of their honey, without rendering any 

 compensating service in the way of depositing pollen of 

 other Orchids on their stigmas. 



The Gymnosperms. 



1. Examine various Pine and Spruce trees as they grow, 

 selecting both old and young trees for study. Are these 

 trees excurrent or deliquescent? Is the arrangement of 

 the branches alternate, opposite, or in whorls? Make 

 lists of all the evergreen trees with which you are ac- 

 quainted, stating whether they are deliquescent or excur- 

 rent, and what the arrangement of the branches is. 



2. Draw diagrams to represent accurately the lengths 

 of the needles, or leaves, of as many different kinds of 

 Pines and Spruces as you can find ; also another set of 

 diagrams to represent in outline these leaves as seen in 

 cross section. Count the number of leaves in each little 

 bundle for each different kind of Pine. Is the number 

 the same in all the bundles of a given species? Does the 

 number differ in different species? Would the number 

 of leaves in the bundles help to determine the species 

 of the Pine ? Describe any difference you may notice in 

 the color and surface of the leaves of different species of 

 Pine. 



Describe the arrangement of the leaves on the branch 



