TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



SECTIOX II. GENERAL VIEW OF THE FUNCTIONS OF THE NUTRITIVE ORGANS 106 



1. Food of Plants, and Sources whence they derive their Nourishment 106 



Chemical Composition of Plants. 106 



Organic Constituents and their Sources. 108 



Inorganic Constituents and their Sources Ill 



Chemical Composition of Soils 116 



Application of Manure 118 



Various kinds of Manure 118 



Epiphytic and Parasitic Plants. 123 



2. Absorption and Circulation of Fluids 124 



3. Respiration of Plants 134 



Effects of Certain Gases on Living Plants. 137 



4. Products and Secretions of Plants 140 



SECTION III OKGANS OF REPRODUCTION 150 



Structure, Arrangement, and Functions. 150 



1. Inflorescence or the arrangement of the flowers on the axis 150 



Tabular View of Inflorescence or Anthotaxis. 164 



2. Bracts or Floral leaves 165 



3. The Flower and its Appendages. 167 



External Floral Whorls, or the Floral Envelopes; ;:-.. 171 



Calyx 171 



Corolla 176 



Inner Floral Whorls, or the Essential Organs of Reproduction 186 



Stamens. 186 



Pistil 207 



Ovule 224 



4. Functions of the Floral Envelopes 230 



5. Functions of the Stamens and Pistil ; Fertilization or Fecundation. 235 



Embryology. 241 



6. Fruit or the Pistil arrived at maturity. 249 



Fruits which are the produce of a single flower 259 



Fruits which are the produce of several flowers united. 266 



Tabular arrangement of Fruits. 267 



7. Maturation of the Pericarp 268 



Ripening of Fruits 271 



Grafting. 272 



x. Seed or Fertilized Ovule arrived at Maturity 274 



Embryo 283 



9. Functions of the Seed 291 



Germination. 292 



Vitality of Seeds. 295 



Direction of Plumule and Radicle 298 



Proliferous Plants 303 



Duration of the Life of Plants 303 



10. General Observations on the Organs of Plants, and on the mode in which they 



are arranged 305 



Tabular View of the Organs 305 



Symmetry of Organs 308 



Teratology 310 



SECTION IV. SOME GENERAL PHENOMENA CONNECTED WITH VEGETATION 317 



1. Vegetable Irritability 317 



2. Temperature of Plants 322 



3. Luminosity of Plants 323 



4. Colours of Plants 324 



5. Odours of Plants 329 



6. Diseases of Plants 330 



PART II. SYSTEMATIC BOTANY, TAXONOMY, OR THE CLASSIFICATION OF 



PLANTS. 337 



CHAPTER I. SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION. 337 



Nomenclature and Symbols. 341 



Linnsean System t 342 



Natural System 344 



System of Jussieu. 347 



System of DeCandolle 347 



System of Endlicher 348 



System of Lindley 349 



