146 VEGETABLE OILS. 



quantity of azotised and unazotised matters occurring in certain plants, 

 with the amount of water and inorganic matter : 



Azotised Carbonaceous 

 Water. matter. matter. Ashes. 



Peas 16 29 52 3 



Beans H -31 52 i 



Lentils 16 33 48 i 



Oats 18 11 68 3 



Barley 16 14 69 2 



Potatoes 72 2 25 1 



Turnips 89 1 ' 



312. The following arrangement is given by Fromberg of the com- 

 parative value of various plants as articles of food, taking into account 

 the proteine compounds, and the starch, gum, and saccharine matter 

 which they contain, the highest value being 100 : 



Beans 100 



Peas 80 



Oats 75 



Wheat 70 



Maize 60 



Eye 55 



Barley ....50 



Potatoes 45 



Rice... ....35 



313. As regards the produce of different crops per acse, Johnston 

 gives the following estimate of the nutritive products which they 

 yield : 



Average produce per No. of Ibs. of true 



acre of tubers and nutriment in pro- 



grain, duce of an acre. 



Beet, Mangel-wurzel, and Turnip 30 tons 672 Ibs. 



Beans 30 bushels, or 1980 Ibs. 594 



Potatoes 8 tons 358 



Peas 20 bushels, or 1 1 60 Ibs. 348 



Barley 36 bushels, or 1872 Ibs. 243 



Jerusalem Artichokes, 10 tons 224 



Wheat 25 bushels, or 1500 Ibs. 180 



Oats. 30 bushels, or 1200 Ibs. 132 



314. Fixed Oils are found in the cells and intercellular spaces of 

 the fruit, leaves, and other parts. Some of these are drying oils, as 

 Linseed oil, from Linum usitatissimum; others are fat oils, as that from 

 Olives (fruit of Olea europaea) ; while others are solid, as Palm oil. 

 The solid oils or fats procured from plants, are Butter of Cacao, from 

 Theobroma Cacao ; of Cinnamon, from Cinnamomum zeylanicum ; of 

 Nutmeg, from Myristica moschata ; of Coco-nut, from Cocos nucifera ; 

 of Laurel, from Lauras nobilis ; Palm oil, from Elais guineensis ; Shea 

 butter, from Bassia Parkii; Galam butter, from Bassia butyracea; 

 and Vegetable tallow, from Stillingia sebifera in China, from Vateria 

 indica in India, and from Pentadesma butyracea in Sierra Leone. 

 These oils contain a large amount of stearine, and are used as substi- 



