COROLLINE APPENDAGES. 



183 



./>, of the lower lip is called the palate. In some corollas the two lips 

 become hollowed out in a remarkable manner, as in Calceolaria, assum- 

 ing a slipper-like appearance, similar to what occurs in the labellum 

 of some Orchids, as Cypripedium. Such calceolate (calceolus, a slipper) 

 corollas, may be considered as consisting of two slipper-like lips. 



382. When a tubular corolla is split in such a way as to form a strap- 

 like process on one side with several tooth-like projections at its apex, 

 it becomes ligulate (ligula, a little tongue), or strap- 

 shaped (fig. 301). This corolla occurs in many 



composite plants, as in the florets of Dandelion, 

 Daisy, and Chiccory. The number of divisions 

 at the apex indicates the number of united petals, 

 some of which, however, may be abortive. Occa- 

 sionally, some of the petals become more united than 

 others, and then this corolla assumes a bilabiate or 

 two-lipped form. In Compositor there are often 

 two kinds of florets associated in the same head. 

 Thus, in the Daisy, there are irregular ligulate 

 white florets on the outside or in the ray, while 

 there are regular tubular yellow florets in the centre 

 or disc. In Sc&vola and in Honeysuckle, the corolla 

 is split down to its base, so as to resemble somewhat 

 the ligulate form. 



383. Nectaries and Anomalies in Petals. Certain 



abnormal appearances occur in the petals of some 

 flowers, which received in former days the name of nectaries. The 

 term nectary was very vaguely applied by Linnaeus to any part of 

 the flower which presented an unusual aspect, as the 

 crown of Narcissus, the processes of the Passion-flower, 

 &c. If the name is retained, it ought properly to in- 

 clude only those portions which secrete a honey- like 

 matter, as the glandular depression at the base of the 

 perianth of the Fritillary (fig. 302 r), or on the petal of 

 Ranunculus, or on the stamens of Rutaceaj. Some say that 

 in all flowers there is an apparatus for secreting honey 

 connected with the essential organs of the flower, and 

 in some way concerned in fertilization, and the nouris- 

 ment of the young seeds. This opinion is particularly 

 supported by Vaucher and Bravais. The sap of Zea 

 Mais is said to contain much saccharine matter before 

 flowering, which ultimately passes to the flower, and 



Fig. 301. Irregular gamopetalous ligulate floret of Catananche caerulea, c, Calyx, with a 

 quinquefid limb united inferiorly with the ovar}', o. e, Stamens with united anthers, a, (synan- 

 tlierous or syngenesiov-s), surrounding the style, s, with its bifid stigma. 



Fig. 302. One of the segments, s, of the perianth of Fritillaria imperialis, or Crown Imperial, 

 with a pit or depression, r, at its base, containing honey-like matter. The cavity is coloured 

 differently from the rest of the segment, and it is often called a nectary, or a nectariferous gland. 



