ESSENTIAL ORGANS. THE STYLE. 219 



merits containing ovules ; while in the latter, it exhibits one cavity 

 open at the top, and separate carpels scattered over the surface, each 

 having a style and stigma. 



450. Peculiar views have been advocated by Schleiden, who con- 

 siders the ovary in some cases as not formed by carpels, but by a 

 hollowing out of the axis, at other times by these two modes combined. 

 Thus the superior ovary, according to him, is formed of carpeUary leaves, 

 while the inferior ovary of the Apple and Pomegranate is composed of 

 the expanded summit of the axis, bearing the carpels in its interior ; 

 that of Epilobium is formed from the stem alone, and that of Saxi- 

 frage partly by the peduncle and partly by carpels. 



451. The Style proceeds from the summit of the carpel, and may 

 be looked upon as a prolongation of it in an upward direction (fig. 

 372 t). It is hence called apicilar (apex, top). It consists not merely of 

 the midrib, but of the vascular and cellular tissue of the carpel, along 

 with a continuation of the placenta or conducting tissue, which ends 

 in the stigma. In some cases, the carpellary leaf is folded from above 

 downwards, in a hooded manner, so that its apex (as in reclinate ver- 

 nation, fig. 205 a) approaches more or less to the base. When the 

 folding is slight, the style becomes lateral (fig. 382); when to a greater 

 extent, the style appears to arise from near the base, as in the Straw- 

 berry (fig. 400), or from the base, as in Chrysobalanus Icaco (fig. 401), 

 when it is basilar. In all these cases the style still indicates the organic 

 apex of the ovary, although it may not be the apparent apex. 



452. The carpel sometimes becomes imbedded in the torus or tha- 

 lamus, so as to have a projection of the latter on one side; and then, if 

 the style is basilar or lateral, it may adhere to this portion of the torus, 

 and appear to arise from it. This is seen in Labiatae (fig. 402), and 



Fig. 400. Carpel of Strawberry, o, Ovary, t, Style arising from near the base, and becoming 

 basilar by the mode in which the ovary is developed ; the style, however, still indicating the 

 organic apex of the ovary. 



Fig. 401. Carpel of Chrysobalanus Icaco. o, Ovary, t, Basilar style, s. Stigma. 



Fig. 402. Pistil of Lamitun album, shown by a vertical section of part of the flower. Two of 

 the four ovaries have been removed to exhibit the connection of the style with the torus, r, by 

 adhesion, o, The two remaining ovaries, d, Glandular disk placed below the pistil c, Part of 

 calyx, p, Corolla. 



