ANTHOCARPOUS FRUITS. 



267 



less deeply hollowed, and of a harder texture, the fruit exhibiting often 

 very anomalous forms. 



559. Strobiha (oTpofifoo;, fir-cone,) is a fruit-bearing spike more or 

 less elongated, covered with scales, each of which represents separate 

 flowers, and has two seeds at its 

 base (fig. 476). The scales may be 

 considered as bracts, or as flattened 

 carpellary leaves, and the seeds are 

 naked, as there is no true ovary 

 present with its style or stigma. 

 This fruit is seen in the cones of 

 Firs, Spruces, Larches, Cedars, &c., 

 which have received the name of 

 Coniferae, or cone- bearing, on this 

 account. The scales of the strobilus 

 are sometimes membranous and thin, 

 as in the Hop; at other times they 

 are thick and closely united, so as 

 to form a more or less angular and 

 rounded mass, as in the Cypress 

 (fig. 477); while in the Juniper 

 they become fleshy, and are so in- 



corporated as to form a globular fruit like a berry (fig. 478), which 

 has received the name of Galbulus (galbulw, nut of the cypress). 



560 TABULAR ARRANGEMENT OF FRUITS. 



A. Fruits formed from a single flower, and consisting of one or more Carpels, 

 either separate or combined ; thus including Apocarpous, Aggregate, and 

 Syncarpous Fruits. 



I. Indehiscent Pericarps. 

 1. Usually containing a single seed : 



(Achrenium (Lithospermum). 

 Separable from the seed ..... <Mericarp and Cremocurp in Umbelliferae, 



{ and Cypsela in Composite). 



Achsenia enclosed in fleshy tube of Calyx, Cynarrhodum (Rose). 

 Inseparable from the seed, ...... Caryopsis (Grasses). 



Inflated ...... Utricle (Chenopodium). 



Having a cupulate involucrum, Glans (Acorn). 

 (^Having winged appendages ..... Samara (Sycamore). 



o.S 



Fig. 476. Cone of Pimis sylvestris, Scotch Fir, consisting of numerous bracts or floral leavt s, 

 each of which covers two winged seeds. These seeds are called naked, in consequence of not 

 being contained in an ovary, with a style or stigma. 



Fig. 477. Cone of Cupressus sempervirens, Cypress; one of the Gymnospermous or naked- 

 seeded plants, like the Pine. 



Fig. 478. Succulent cone or Galbulus of Juniperus macrocarpa. e K e e, The different scales or 

 bracts united so as to enclose the seeds. 



