DILLENIACE.E MAGNOLIACEJE. 355 



741. Order 2. Dilieniacetc, the Dillenia Family. (Polypet. Hypog.) 

 Sepals 5, persistent. Petals 5, deciduous, in a single row. Stamens 

 indefinite, hypogynous, either distinct or combined into bundles ; fila- 

 ments dilated at the base or apex ; anthers adnate, introrse, with 

 longitudinal dehiscence. Ovaries definite, more or less distinct, with a 

 terminal style and simple stigma; ovules ascending. Fruit of 2-5 cap- 

 sular or baccate unilocular carpels, which are either distinct or coherent. 

 Seeds arillate, several in each carpel, or only two, or one by abortion ; 

 testa (spermoderm) hard; embryo straight, minute, at the base of 

 fleshy albumen. The plants of the order are trees, shrubs, or under- 

 shrubs, having alternate, exstipulate, coriaceous, or rough leaves. 

 They are found chiefly in Australasia, Asia, and the warm parts of 

 America. They have astringent properties, and some of the species 

 afford excellent timber. Lindley enumerates 26 genera, including 200 

 species. Examples Dillenia, Delirna. 



742. Order 3. Tiagnoiiacefe, the Magnolia Family. (Polypet. 

 Hypog.} Sepals 2-6, usually deciduous. Petals 2-30, hypogynous, 

 often in several rows. Stamens indefinite, distinct, hypogynous ; an- 

 thers adnate, long, dehiscing longitudinally. Carpels numerous, 1- celled, 

 arranged upon a more or less elevated receptacle ; ovules anatropal, 

 suspended or ascending ; styles short. Fruit consisting of numerous 

 distinct or partially coherent carpels, which are either dehiscent or 

 indehiscent, sometimes sainaroid. Seeds, when ripe, often hang sus- 

 pended from the carpels by a long slender cord ; embryo minute, at 

 the base of a fleshy perisperm. Trees and shrubs, with alternate 

 coriaceous leaves, and deciduous convolute stipules. They abound in 

 North America, and some species occur in South America, China, 

 Japan, New Holland, and New Zealand. The order has been divided 

 into two suborders : 1. Winterese ; aromatic plants, in which the 

 leaves are dotted, the carpels are in a single verticil, and the wood 

 often consists of punctated tissue (fig. 47). 2. Magnoliete ; bitter plants 

 with fragrant flowers, in which the carpels are arranged in several 

 rows on an elevated receptacle (fig. 306), and the leaves are not 

 dotted. Lindley mentions 11 known genera, comprising 65 species. 

 Examples Illicium, Drimys, Magnolia, Liriodendron. 



743. The properties of the order are bitter, tonic, and often 

 aromatic. Illicium anisatum, Star-anise, is so called from its carpels 

 being arranged in a star-like manner, and having the taste and odour 

 of anise. Its fruit is employed as a carminative. Drimys Winteri or 

 (iromatica, brought by Captain Winter from the Straits of Magellan hi 

 1579, yield's Winter's bark, which has been employed medicinally as 

 an aromatic stimulant. It somewhat resembles Canella bark. Magnolias 

 are remarkable for their large odoriferous flowers, and their tonic 

 qualities. The bark of Magnolia glauca, Swamp Sassafras or 

 Beaver-tree, is used as a substitute for Peruvian bark. Liriodendron 



