360 



FUMARIACE^E CRUCIFER^E. 



by Schultz on Cyclosis (^[261, and fig. 223). Eschscholtzia is remark- 

 able for the dilated apex of the peduncle, from which the calyx 

 separates in the form of a calyptra, resembling an extinguisher of a 

 candle. Sanguinaria canadensis, Blood-root or Puccoon, has emetic 

 and purgative properties. 



757. Order 12. Fnmariaceze, the Fumitory Family. (Polypet. 

 Hypog.) Sepals 2, deciduous. Petals 4, cruciate; one or both of the 

 two outer gibbous at the base, the two inner cohering at the apex. 

 Stamens hypogynous, usually 6, diadelphous; anther of middle stamen 

 of each parcel bilocular, outer ones unilocular. Ovary free, 1-celled; 

 style filiform ; stigma with 2 or more points ; ovules amphitropal. 

 Fruit either an achasnium, or a 2-valved 2-seeded capsule, or a many- 

 seeded siliqua. Seeds crested; albumen fleshy; embryo minute, 

 excentric. Herbaceous plants, with a watery juice, and alternate 

 multifid leaves. Although at first sight very unlike the Poppy family, 

 the Fumitories resemble this order in their deciduous sepals, in their 

 seeds, and, in many cases, in their fruit. The two outer unilocular 

 stamens of each parcel may be considered as forming one perfect 

 stamen, thus making the whole number four. They are found chiefly 

 in northern temperate latitudes. They are said to be bitter and 

 diaphoretic in their properties. Lindley notices 15 genera, including 

 110 species. Examples Fumaria, Corydalis, Diclytra. 



758. Order 13. Cruciferee, the Cruciferous or Cresswort Family. 

 Brassicacese of Lindley. (Polypet. Hypog.) Sepals 4, deciduous, the 

 two lateral ones gibbous at the base. Petals 4, hypogynous, alternat- 

 ing with the sepals, deciduous, cruciate (fig. 291). Stamens 6, tetra- 

 dynamous (figs. 345, 565), two shorter solitary (fig. 565 e'), opposite 



r,\;\ 



5C5 



Figs. 563 570. Organs of fructification of Erysimum lanceolatum. one of the Cruciferse. 



Fig. 563. Diagram of the flower, showing the arrangement of four sepals, four petals alter- 

 nating with them, six tetradynamous stamens, and a siliqua with replum. 



Fig. 564. Vertical section of the flower, c, Calyx, p, Petals. , Stamens, o. Ovary laid 

 open, s, Stigma. 



Fig. 565. Flower deprived of its envelopes, c c, Cicatrices left by the fall of the sepals, 

 <7, Glands which are situated at the base of the stamens. tf, Two short stamens opposite lateral 

 sepals, e", Four long stamens opposite anterior and posterior sepals, p, Pistil. 



Fig. 566. Horizontal section of the ovary, g, Ovules, c. Spurious dissepiment or replum, 

 which divides the ovary into two cavities. This replum is formed by the placentas. 



