C11DCIFER.E. 



the lateral sepals, occasionally toothed; four longer (fig. 565 e"), 

 opposite the anterior and posterior sepals, generally free, sometimes 

 partially united and furnished with a tooth on the inside ; anthers 

 bilocular, introrse (fig. 564). Torus with green glands between the 

 petals and stamens and ovary (fig. 565 g). Ovary superior, with 

 parietal placentas, which meet in the middle, forming a spurious 

 dissepiment or replum (fig. 566 c); stigmas 2, opposite the placentas, 

 or anterior and posterior (fig. 456 s). Fruit 

 a siliqua (figs. 567, 568), or a silicula, rarely 

 1 -celled and indehiscent, usually spuriously 

 2-celled and dehiscing by two valves, which 

 separate from the replum (figs. 456, 568), 

 one or many-seeded. Seeds campylotro- 

 pous (figs. 419, 524), pendulous, attached in 

 a single row by a funiculus to each side of 

 the placentas (fig. 568) ; perisperm none ; 

 embryo with the radicle folded upon the 

 cotyledons which are next the placenta (figs. 

 524, 569 r). Herbaceous plants, seldom 

 undershrubs, with alternate leaves, and yel- 

 low or white, rarely purple, flowers, without 

 bracts. This order is well distinguished by 

 having tetradynamous stamens. Most of the plants belonging to the 

 order are European. The species, however, are found scattered all 

 over the world. De Candolle, in 1821, calculated that the species 

 then known were distributed as follows: 



In the frigid zone of the northern hemisphere, 205 



In all the tropics (chiefly mountainous parts), 30 



f of northern hemisphere, 548 ) 



In the temperate zone, | of southern hemis j; here ; 86 ; 634 



Lindley enumerates 173 genera, including 1600 species. Examples 

 Draba, Lepidium, Isatis, Brassica, Sinapis, Bunias, Senebiera, Schizo- 

 petalon. 



759. The order has been subdivided into sections, according to the 

 mode in which the radicle of the embryo is folded on the cotyledons, 

 as well as according to the nature of the fruit. The suborders founded 

 on the embryo are 1. Pleurorhizeas (wAewf, side, arid pigu, root), = 

 cotyledons accumbent, radicle lateral, i.e. applied to their edge (fig. 

 517). 2. Notorhizea3 (VUTOV, back), || cotyledons incumbent, 

 radicle dorsal, i.e. applied to their back (fig. 518). 3. Orthoplocea? 



Fig. 5C7. Siliqua or long pod. 



Fig. 568. Siliqua with one of its valves removed, in order to show the seeds attached to the 

 replum. 



Fig. 569. Vertical section of the seed. /, Funiculus or umbilical cord, t, Spermodenn or 

 testa swollen at the chalaza, c. r. Radicle, c, Cotyledons. 



Fig. 570. Horizontal section of the seed, t, Spermodenn or testa, r, Radicle, c, Incumbent 

 cotyledons. 



