374 BIPTEROCARPACEjE. 



longitudinally or by pores, occasionally some abortive (fig. 316, 2). 

 Disk often large and glandular. Ovary solitary, formed by the union 

 of 2-10 carpels; style 1 ; stigmas as many as the carpels. Fruit dry 

 or pulpy, either multilocular with numerous seeds, or by abortion uni- 

 locular and 1 -seeded. Seeds anatropal; embryo erect in the axis of 

 fleshy albumen, with flat, leafy cotyledons (fig. 510). Trees or shrubs, 

 rarely herbaceous plants, with alternate stipulate leaves (fig. 195). 

 They are found chiefly in tropical regions, only a small number in- 

 habiting northern countries. The order has been divided into two 

 sections: 1. Tiliea?, with entire petals or 0, and anthers dehiscing 

 longitudinally. 2. Elseocarpea?, with lacerated petals, and anthers 

 opening at the apex. Lindley enumerates 35 genera, including 350 

 species. Eacamples Tilia, Corchorus, Grewia, Aristotelia, Elajocarpus. 



788. The plants possess mucilaginous properties, and many of them 

 furnish excellent materials for cordage. The fruit of some is edible. 

 From the gummy matter they contain, some have been employed as 

 demulcents. The inner bark, the bast or bass, of the Linden or Lime- 

 tree (Tilia Europcea), is tough and fibrous, and from it are manufactured 

 Eussian mats. An infusion of the flowers is used on the continent as 

 an antispasmodic and expectorant. A species of Corchorus is used in 

 India for the manufacture of bags and a coarse kind of linen. The 

 leaves of Corchorus olitorius, Jews'-mallow, are used in many coun- 

 tries as a culinary vegetable. 



789. Order 31. ipterocarpaee, the Sumatra-Camphor Family. 

 (Polypet. Hypog.) Calyx tubular, 5-lobed, unequal, naked, persistent, 

 and afterwards enlarged, with an imbricated aestivation. Petals hypo- 

 gynous, sessile, often combined at the base, with a twisted aestivation. 

 Stamens indefinite, hypogynous; filaments dilated at the base, either 

 distinct or irregularly cohering; anthers innate, bilocular, subulate, 

 opening by terminal fissures. Torus not enlarged in a disk-like man- 

 ner. Ovary superior, 3-celled; ovules in pairs, pendulous; style and 

 stigma simple. Fruit coriaceous, unilocular by abortion, 3-valved or 

 indehiscent, surrounded by the calyx, which is prolonged in the form of 

 long wing-like lobes. Seed solitary, exalbuminous; cotyledons often 

 twisted and crumpled; radicle superior. Trees with alternate leaves, 

 having an involute vernation, and deciduous convolute stipules. They 

 are found in India. There are about 8 known genera, including 48 

 species. Examples Dipterocarpus, Vateria, Dryobalanops. 



790. The trees belonging to this order are handsome and ornamen- 

 tal, and they abound in resinous juice. A kind of camphor is procured 

 in Sumatra from Dryobalanops Camphora or aromatica. It is secreted 

 in crystalline masses naturally into cavities in the wood. It supplies 

 this camphor only after attaining a considerable age. In its young 

 state it yields on incision a pale yellow liquid, called the liquid cam- 

 phor of Borneo and Sumatra, which consists of resin and a volatile oil 



