378 HYPERICACE^! GUTTIFEE^. 



oblong form, their adherent rind, and a protuberance at the apex. 

 Citrus Limonum yields the Lemon, the juice of which is antiscorbutic, 

 and is used for cooling drinks and effervescing draughts, while the peel 

 or rind, on account of the oil it contains, is employed as an aromatic and 

 anthelmintic. A single tree will produce 8,000 lemons. Citrus medica 

 furnishes the Citron, which is larger than the Lemon, has a thicker 

 and tuberculated rind, and a less acid pulp. The rind and juice may 

 be applied to the same purposes as those of the Lemon. Citrus Limetta 

 is the source of the Bergamot and Lime, which are probably merely 

 varieties. The Bergamot is less than the Lemon in size, and is more 

 pyriform, while its colour is golden. The Lime is about half the size of 

 the Lemon; its rind is thin, dense, and of a greenish-yellow colour, and 

 its taste is more bitter. Oil of Bergamot is the volatile oil of the rind, 

 and 100 fruits are said to yield 2J ounces. The fruit of Citrus decu- 

 mana is known by the name of the Shaddock, while that of C. Pom- 

 pelmos is the Pompelmoose fruit. What are called horned oranges 

 and fingered citrons, are produced by a separation or multiplication of 

 the carpels, so that small fruits appear to be enclosed within the large 

 one. jEgle Marmelos yields an excellent fruit. From Feronia elepftan- 

 tum, a gum, like gum-arabic, is procured. 



797. Order 36. Hypericaceie, the Tutsan or St. John's-wort Family. 

 (Polypet. Hypog.) Sepals 4-5, separate or united, persistent, usually 

 with glandular dots, unequal; aestivation imbricated. Petals 4-5, 

 oblique, often with black dots ; aestivation contorted. Stamens hypo- 

 gynous, oo , generally polyadelphous (fig. 315), very rarely 10, and 

 monadelphous or distinct; filaments filiform; anthers bilocular, with 

 longitudinal dehiscence; carpels 2-5, united round a central or basal pla- 

 centa; styles the same number as the carpels, usually separate; stigmas 

 capitate or simple. Fruit either fleshy or capsular, multilocular, and 

 multivalvular, rarely unilocular. Seeds usually 00, minute, anatropal, 

 usually exalbuminous; embryo usually straight. Herbaceous plants, 

 shrubs or trees, with exstipulate entire leaves, which are usually oppo- 

 site and dotted. Flowers often yellow. They are distributed very 

 generally over all parts of the globe, are found in elevated and low, 

 dry and damp situations. They yield a resinous coloured juice which 

 has purgative properties, and resembles gamboge. Lindley places 

 Parnassia in this order. There are 15 known genera, and about 270 

 species. Examples Hypericum, Elodea, Vismia, Reaumuria. 



798. Order 37. Gnttiferie, or cinsiacete, the Gamboge Family. 

 (Polypet. Hypog.) Sepals 2-6 or 8, usually persistent, round, fre- 

 quently unequal and coloured ; aestivation imbricated. Petals hypo- 

 gynous, equal to, or a multiple of, the sepals. Stamens hypogynous, 

 usually 00, rarely definite, free or variously united at the base ; fila- 

 ments unequal in length ; anthers adnate, introrse or extrorse, some- 

 tunes very small, occasionally unilocular, and sometimes with porous 



