384 



AMPELIDE^E OR VITACE^l. 



fleshy. Trees with alternate, pinnate, exstipulate leaves. They are 

 found in the tropical parts of America and Asia. Lindley enumerates 

 9 genera, including 25 species. Examples Cedrela, Swietenia. 



812. The plants of this order are bitter, and have an aromatic fra- 

 grance. Swietenia Mahagoni supplies the well-known mahogany wood. 

 Its bark, as well as that of Soymida febrifuga, and of Cedrela febrifuga, 

 are used for the cure of intermittents. Chloroxylon Swietenia pro- 

 duces satin-wood, and also yields a kind of wood-oil. 



813. Order 47. Ampeiideic or Vitacece, the Vine Family. (Polypet. 

 Hypog.} Calyx small, nearly entire (fig. 586 c). Petals 4-5, some- 

 times cohering above (fig. 586 p), inserted outside an annular hypo- 

 gynous disk (figs. 586, 587 g) ; ajstivation valvate. Stamens 4-5, 

 opposite to the petals (figs. 586, 587 e), inserted on the disk ; filaments 

 free, or united at the base; anthers ovate, versatile (fig. 587). Ovary 

 2-6-celled; ovules erect, anatropal (fig. 588 o); style 1, very short; 

 stigma simple (588 s). Fruit pulpy and globular, not united to the 

 calyx (fig. 589), sometimes 1 -celled by abortion. Seeds 1 to 4 or 5, 



erect (590), with an osseous spermoderm, horny albumen (figs. 591, 

 592 p), and an erect embryo (fig. 591 e). Climbing shrubs, having the 



Figs. 585-592. Organs of fructification of Vitis vinifera, to illustrate the natural order, 

 Vitaceae or Ampelidese. 



Fig. 585. Diagram of the flower, showing 5 sepals, 5 petals, 5 stamens opposite the petals on 

 account of the non-development of one staminal row, a disk, and the ovary. 



Fig. 586. Flower showing the petals, p, detached at the base, and remaining united above 

 in a calyptra-like manner, c, Calyx, g, Glands, forming a disk, e, Stamens, the filaments of 

 which only are seen. 



Fig. 587. Flower after the petals have fallen, g, Glands of the disk, e. Stamens, with 

 versatile anthers, p, Pistil. 



Fig. 588. Vertical section of the flower, c, Calyx, p, Petals, e, Filaments, o, Ovary, 

 with 2 cells and their erect anatropal ovules. *, Stigma. 



Fig. 589. Globular pulpy fruit, uva, or grape, differing from a berry, in the calyx not forming 

 part of the pericarp. It is by some called nuculanium. 



Fig. 590. The seed of the grape, with its osseous spermoderm enclosing a hard perisperm. 



Fig. 591. The seed cut vertically, t, The integument or spermoderm. p, Perisperm, or 

 albumen, which is horny, e, Erect embryo, with lanceolate cotyledons. 



Fig. 592. Horizontal section of the seed of the grape, about the middle, t, Integument or 

 spermoderm. p, Perisperm or albumen. 



