404 MORIXGACE^E ROSACES. 



leaved Leguminous plants close their leaves in a marked way during 

 darkness. 



853. Order 69. ivioringaceic, the Moringa Family. (Polypet. 

 Perigyn.) Calyx 5-partite ; aestivation slightly imbricated. Petals 5, 

 rather unequal, upper one ascending. Stamens 8 or 10, perigynous; 

 filaments slightly petaloid, callous, and hairy at the base ; anthers 

 simple, 1 -celled, with a thick convex connective. Disk lining the 

 tube of the calyx. Ovary superior, stipitate, 1 -celled; ovules anatro- 

 pal, attached to parietal placentas ; style filiform ; stigma simple. 

 Fruit a pod-like capsule, 1 -celled, 3-valved, opening by loculicidal 

 dehiscence. Seeds numerous, half buried in the spongy substance of 

 the valves, sometimes winged, exalbuminous ; embryo with a superior, 

 straight, small radicle, and fleshy cotyledons. Trees, with bi- or tri- 

 pinnate, stipulate leaves, natives of the East Indies and Arabia. Some 

 of them are pungent and aromatic. The seeds of Moringa pterygo- 

 sperma, Horse-radish tree, are winged, and are called Ben-nuts. From 

 them is procured a fluid oil, used by watchmakers, and called Oil of 

 Ben. The root is pungent and stimulant, and resembles Horse-radish 

 in its taste. Lindley places this order in his Violal alh'ance. He men- 

 tions 1 genus, and 4 species. Example Moringa. 



854. Order 70. Rosacete, the Kose Family. (Polypet. Perigyn.) 

 (Figs. 226, 235, 236, 276, 289, 385, 598). Calyx 4-5-lobed (fig. 

 599 c c), the fifth lobe superior. Petals as many as the divisions of 

 the calyx, often 5 (fig. 599 p e), sometimes wanting, perigynous, 

 generally regular ; aestivation quincuncial (fig, 598). Stamens inserted 

 with the petals (fig. 599 e), definite or indefinite ; filaments incurved 

 in aestivation ; anthers bilocular (fig. 600) dehiscing longitudinally 

 (fig. 322). Ovaries superior, either solitary or several, unilocular 

 (fig. 601), sometimes uniting so as to form a many-celled pistil ; 

 ovules 1, 2, or more, anatropal, suspended (figs. 373 g, 601 g), rarely 

 erect; styles lateral (figs. 400, 601, 603); stigmas usually simple- 

 Fruit either achseuia (fig. 270) or drupes (figs. 373, 602), or follicles 

 or pomes (fig. 472). Seeds erect or inverted, usually exalbuminous; 

 embryo straight, with the radicle next the hilum (figs. 603, 605), and 

 leafy or fleshy cotyledons (figs. 501, 604). Herbaceous plants, or 

 shrubs, or trees, with simple or compound, alternate, stipulate leaves 

 (fig. 191), and the flowers sometimes unisexual. They are found 

 chiefly in the cold and temperate climates of the northern hemisphere. 

 Some are found on high mountains within the tropics, and a few occur 

 in warm regions. 



The order has been divided into the following suborders: 1. 

 Chrysobalanese, petals and stamens more or less irregular; ovary 

 stipitate, its stalk adhering on one side to the calyx, style basilar 

 (fig. 401), fruit a 1-2-celled drupe. 2. Amygdalese (Drupacese of 

 Lindley), tube of calyx lined with a disk, styles terminal, fruit a drupe 



