430 CAPRIFOLIACE.S; RUBIACE.E. 



whicli they are attached, and grow afterwards as true parasites, select- 

 ing certain chemical ingredients in preference to others. The bark is 

 usually astringent. Viscum album, Misletoe, was called by the Druids 

 the Misletoe of the Oak, on which, however, it is rarely found parasitic. 

 It grows well on the apple-tree. The formation of the ovule in the 

 Misletoe, according to Schleiden, is described at ^[ 463. Loranihus 

 tetrandrus is used in Chili to dye black. 



900. Order 101. Capriioiiacete, the Honeysuckle Family. (Mono- 

 pet. Epigyn.) Calyx with its limb 4-5-lobed, usually bracteated. 

 Corolla superior, lobed, usually regular and gamopetalous, sometimes 

 irregular. Stamens epicorolline, equal in number to the lobes of the 

 corolla, and alternate with them. Ovary adherent to the tube of the 

 calyx, usually 3-celled, rarely 4-5-celled; ovules few in each cell, 

 pendulous ; style one or none ; stigmas 3-5. Fruit fleshy or dry, 

 crowned by the limb of the calyx, indehiscent, uni- or multilocular ; 

 endocarp sometimes bony. Seeds solitary, or several in each cell, 

 pendulous ; spermoderm often bony ; embryo small in the centre of 

 fleshy albumen ; radicle next the hilum. Shrubs or herbs, with oppo- 

 site exstipulate leaves, and corymbose flowers. Chiefly found in the 

 northern parts of Europe, Asia, and America. The order has been 

 divided into two suborders : 1. Lonicereae, the true Honeysuckles, 

 with a regular rotate or tubular corolla, three sessile stigmas, and a 

 raphe on the inner side of the ovule. 2. Sambuceae, the Elder 

 Tribe, with a corolla more or less tubular, often irregular, a filiform 

 style, and a raphe on the outside of the ovule. Lindley gives 14 

 genera, and 220 species. Examples Lonicera, Caprifolium, Leyces- 

 teria, Linnaea, Sambucus, Viburnum. 



901. Many of the plants, such as the Honeysuckle and Elder, have 

 odoriferous flowers. Some possess emetic and purgative properties. 

 The fruit of Sambucus nigra, the Common Elder, is used in the manu- 

 facture of a kind of wine. The flowers contain a small quantity of 

 concrete volatile oil, and a minute portion of a volatile odoriferous oil. 

 The inspissated juice of the fruit, and the inner bark, possess purga- 

 tive qualities. Viburnum Opulus, the Guelder Rose, is often culti- 

 vated in gardens. Viburnum Lantana has an acrid bark. Linncea 

 borealis is a delicate northern plant, named after Linnaeus. Symphori- 

 carpus racemosa. yields the Snowberry. 



902. Order 102. Knbiacetc, the Madder and Peruvian Bark 

 Family. (Monopet. Epigyn.) Calyx adherent with the ovary, the 

 limb with a definite number (usually 4-5) of divisions, sometimes 

 obsolete (fig. 619 c). Corolla gamopetalous, regular, tubular, or rotate 

 (fig. 619 p), inserted into the calyx, usually with 4-5 divisions (fig. 

 618) ; aestivation valvate or imbricate. Stamens more or less adherent 

 to the corolline tube, as many as the lobes of the corolla, and alternate 

 with them (fig. 617). Ovary inferior, usually bilocular (fig. 619 o), 



