DIPSACACE^ CALYCERACEJE COMPOSITE. 435 



cats, causing a species of intoxication. Nardostachys Jatamansi is 

 the TC, fSo?, or spikenard of the ancients, which was highly prized 

 on account of its perfume. Valeriana olitoria. Lamb's lettuce, has 

 been used as a salad. Many of the plants in the order secrete a 

 peculiar volatile oil, to which these properties are due. 



908. Order 104. Dipsacaccte, the Teazel Family. (Monopet. 

 Epigyn.} Calyx superior, with an entire, or toothed, or pappose limb 

 (fig. 278). Corolla gamopetalous, tubular, inserted on the calycine 

 tube, with an oblique 4-5-lobed limb ; aestivation imbricated. Sta- 

 mens 4, attached to the tube of the corolla, and alternate with its 

 lobes ; anthers dithecal, distinct. Ovary cohering with the tube of 

 the calyx, either closely or only at the apex, unilocular ; ovule soli- 

 tary, pendulous, anatropal ; style filiform ; stigma simple. Fruit dry, 

 indehiscent, crowned by the limb of the calyx, covered by an epicalyx 

 or mvolucellum, 1 -celled. Seed solitary, pendulous, albuminous; 

 embryo straight; radicle superior. Herbs or undershrubs, with 

 opposite or verticillate leaves, and capitate or verticillate flowers, 

 surrounded by a many-leaved involucre (figs. 232, 244). They are 

 found in the south of Europe, the Levant, and at the Cape of Good 

 Hope. The properties of the order are unimportant. The name 

 Dipsacus is derived from S/^a, thirst, in consequence of the bases of 

 the leaves of some of the species being connate, in siich a way as to 

 enclose a cavity which contains water ready to allay thirst. The heads 

 of Dipsacus fullonum, Fullers' Teazel, on account of their spiny bracts, 

 are used in dressing cloth. Lindley mentions 6 genera, including 

 150 species. Examples Morina, Scabiosa, Dipsacus. 



909. Order 105. Calyceraceie, the Calycera Family. (Monopet. 

 Epigyn.) Calyx superior, with a limb of 5 unequal segments. Corolla 

 regular, infundibuliform, with a long slender tube, and a 5-lobed 

 limb, the lobes having each three principal veins. Stamens 5, attached 

 to the tube of the corolla, with as many alternating glands below 

 them ; filaments monadelphous ; anthers partially united. Ovary 

 inferior, 1 -celled ; ovule solitary, pendulous ; style single, smooth ; 

 stigma capitate. Fruit an achaanium, crowned by the rigid spiny 

 segments of the calyx, sometimes covered with papilla, which emit 

 spiral tubes when placed in water. Seed solitary, pendulous ; embryo 

 in the axis of fleshy albumen ; radicle superior. 'Herbaceous plants, 

 with alternate, exstipulate leaves, and sessile capitate flowers, sur- 

 rounded by an involucre. They inhabit South America. Their pro- 

 perties are unknown. There are 5 known genera according to Lindley, 

 and 10 species. Examples Calycera, Boopis. 



910. Order 106. Composite (Asteracea? of Lindley, and Synan- 

 therse of other authors), the Composite Family. (Monopet. Epigyn.) 

 (Figs. 623-634). Calyx superior, its limb either wanting or mem- 

 branous, or divided into bristles, paleas, or hairs, and called pappus 



