525 



warm regions some of them are arborescent, as in the case of Dracaanas; 

 others are very succulent, as species of Aloe. The order has not been 



74,S 



sufficiently defined, and there are still many differences of opinion as 

 to its limits. Under it are included by some the following suborders : 



1 . Tulipese, Tulip tribe : bulbous plants, segments of perianth scarcely adherent 



in a tube, testa pale and soft. 



2. Hermerocallidese, Day-lily tribe : bulbous plants, with a tubular perianth, 



testa pale and soft. 



3. Scilleae or Allies, the Squill or Onion tribe: bulbous (figs. 207-209), with 



the testa black and brittle. 



4. Anthericese or Asphodeleas, Asphodel tribe: not bulbous, roots fascicled 



(fig. 120) or fibrous, leaves not coriaceous nor permanent. 



5. Convallariese, Lily of the Valley tribe : stem developed as a rhizome or tuber 



(fig. 90). 



6. Asparageee, Asparagus tribe: stem usually fully developed, arborescent, in 



some cases branched, leaves often coriaceous and permanent. 



7. Aloinese, Aloes tribe : stem usually developed, arborescent, leaves succulent. 



8. Aphyllanthese, Grass-tree tribe: having a rush-like habit and membranous 



imbricated bracts. 



Lindley adds to these the tribes Conanthereas, Wachendorfeae, Aspidis- 

 trese, and Ophiopogoneaj. He enumerates 133 genera, including 1200 

 species. Examples Tulipa Lilium; Hemerocallis, Phormium; An- 

 thericum, Asphodelus ; Convallaria ; Asparagus, Dracasna ; Aloe ; 

 Aphyllanthes, Xanthorrhasa ; Conanthera; Wachendorfia; Aspidistra; 

 Ophiopogon. 



1076. Many of the plants of this order are showy garden flowers, 

 such as Tulips, Lilies, Fritillaries, Day-lilies, Tuberoses (Poliantfies), 

 and Dog-tooth-violets (Erythronium). Some of them are used medi- 

 cinally as purgatives, stimulants, emetics, and diaphoretics. Some 

 yield valuable fibres, others supply resinous matter. The bulb of 



Figs. 748-751. Organs of fructification of Scilla autumnalis, to illustrate the natural order 

 Liliaces. 



Fig. 748. Flowers seen from above, ce, Outer verticil of the perianth (calyx), ci, Inner ver- 

 ticil of the perianth (corolla). 



Fig. 749. Diagram of the flower, showing three outer and three inner leaves of the perianth, 

 six alternating stamens in two rows, and three carpels of the ovary with the ovules. 



Fig. 750. Vertical section of the flower, c c, Perianth, e, Stamens, o, Ovary. , Style and 

 stigmas, g, Ovules attached to a placenta in the axis. 



Fig. 751. Seed separated and cut lengthwise, t, Integument p, Perisperm. e, Embryo. 



