BOTANICAL LOCALITIES OR STATIONS. 565 



Here, also, have been placed some plants immediately connected with the habi- 

 tation of man, such as Racodium cellare, a fungus found on wine casks, Conferva 

 fenestralis, an alga produced on window-panes, and Conferva dendrita, one de- 

 veloped on paper. Some plants, as Sempervivum tectorum, select the roofs of 

 houses. 



11. Plants growing in vegetable mould; such as bog-plants, or those growing 

 on wet soil, so soft that it yields to the foot, but rises again ; and marsh plants, 

 growing in wet soil, which sinks under the foot and does not rise. To the for- 

 mer class belong such plants as Pinguicula alpina and Primula farinosa; to the 

 latter, such as Menyanthes, Comarum, Bidens cernita. 



12. Forest plants, including trees which live in society, as the Oak, the Beech, 

 Firs, &c., and the plants which grow under their shelter, as the greater part of 

 the European Orchises, some species of Carex and Orobanche. Some plants es- 

 pecially grow in pine and fir-woods, as Linncea borealis, and some Pyrolas. 



13. Plants of sterile places, found in barren tracts, by roadsides. This is a 

 heterogeneous class, and contains many plants of uncertain characters. Under 

 it are included the plants of uncultivated grounds, as those found in moors, where 

 CaUuna vulgaris, common heather and various Heaths, Juniper, Andromeda, and 

 some species of Polytrichum occur. 



14. Plants of the thickets or hedges, comprehending the small shrubs which 

 constitute the hedge or thicket, as the Hawthorn and Sweet-briar; and the her- 

 baceous plants which grow at the foot of these shrubs, as Adoxa, Wood-sorrel, 

 Violets; and those which climb among their numerous branches, as Bryony, 

 Black Bryony, Honeysuckle, Traveller's Joy, and some species of Lathyrus. 



1 5. Plants of the mountains, which De Candolle proposes to divide into two 

 sections: 1. Those which grow in alpine mountains, the summits of which are 

 covered with perpetual snow, and where, during the heat of summer, there is a 

 continued and abundant flow of moisture, as numerous Saxifrages, Gentians, 

 Primroses, and Rhododendrons. 2. Those inhabiting mountains on which the 

 snow disappears during summer, as several species of Snap-dragon, among others 

 the Alpine Snap-dragon, Umbelliferous plants, chiefly belonging to the genus 

 Seseli, meadow Saxifrage, Labiate plants, &c. 



C. Plants Growing in Special Localities. 



16. Parasitic plants, which derive their nourishment from other vegetables, 

 and which, consequently, may be found in all the preceding situations ; as the 

 Misletoe, species of Orobanche, Cuscuta (Dodder), Loranthus, Raflesia, and 

 numerous Fungi. 



17. Pseudo-parasitic plants, or Epiphytes, which live upon dead vegetables, 

 as Lichens, Mosses, &c., or upon the bark of living vegetables, but do not derive 

 much nourishment from them, as Epidendrum, Aerides, and other Orchids, as 

 well as Tillandsia, Bromelia, Pothos, and other air-plants. 



18. Subterranean plants, or those which live underground, or in mines and 

 caves, almost entirely excluded from the light, as Byssus, Truffles, and some 

 other cryptogamic plants. 



19. Plants which vegetate in hot springs, the temperature of which ranges 

 from 80 to 150 of Fahrenheit's thermometer; as Vitex Agnus-castus, and 

 several cryptogamous plants, as Ulva thermalis, the hot-spring Laver. 



20. Plants which are developed in artificial infusions or liquors, as various 

 kinds of Mucor, causing mouldiness. 



21. Plants growing on living animals ; as species of SphoRria and Sarcinula, 

 and various other Fungi and Algse. 



22. Plants growing on certain kinds of decaying animal matter; such as species 

 of Onygena, found on the hoofs of horses, feathers of birds, &c., some species of 

 Fungi, which grow only on the dung of animals, and certain species of Splachnum. 



