574 NATURAL ORDERS IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES. 



in Greenland, 1 to 10 (Meyen). Humboldt says, that in the torrid 

 zone, Monocotyledons are to Dicotyledons as 1 to 6 ; in the temperate 

 zone, as 1 to 4 ; and in the arctic zone, as 1 to 3. Monocotyledons 

 increase in proportion to Dicotyledons as the latitude becomes higher. 

 Some natural orders are very generally diffused, as Leguminosas, Mal- 

 vaceae, Ranunculaceas, Caryophyllaceae, Cruciferaa, and Umbelliferae. 

 Cellular plants have also a wide range, and so have aquatics. Jun- 

 cacea?, Cyperaceae, and Graminese, increase in proportion to all the 

 Phanerogamous plants, as the latitude becomes higher ; while Resti- 

 aceas, Leguminosaa, Euphorbiacese, and Malvaceae, decrease. Cruciferae, 

 UmbeUiferae, and Compositae, are highest in their proportion in the 

 temperate zone, diminishing towards the equator and the poles. Hinds 

 gives the following statement as to certain families which are almost 

 exclusively confined to one of the six great divisions of the globe : 



In Europe, Globulariaceae a section of Selaginaceae, Ceratophyllaceae. 



In Asia, Dipterocarpaceas, Aquilariacete, Camelliaceaj, Moringacea:, Stila- 

 ginaceae. 



In Africa, Bruniaceae, Brexiaceaa, Belvisiaceae, Penrcacese. 



In North America, Sarraceniacese. 



In South America, Rhizobolacea?, Monimiacese, Simarubaceae, Vochysiacete, 

 Calyceracea?, Escalloniacea;, Humiriacete, Lacistemacea;, Papayaceas, Gilliesi- 

 aceae, Gesneraceaa. 



In Australasia, Tremandraceaj, Epacridaceae, Goodeniaceas, Stackhousiaceie, 

 Brunoniaceae. 



He also gives the following list of natural orders, as prevailing in the 

 northern hemisphere and southern hemisphere : 



In the northern hemisphere, the following natural orders abound, or are pre- 

 dominant: Aceraceas, Aurantiaceae, Artocarpese a section of Urticaceae, Amen- 

 taceae, Berberaceae, Boraginaceae, Caryophyllacea;, Cistacese, Cruciferae, Coni- 

 ferae. Campanulaceae, Caprifoliaceac, Dipsacacese, Elaeagnaceae, Fumariaceai, 

 GrossulariaceaB, Hypericaceae, Hippocastanea? a section of Sapindaceaa, Hamame- 

 lidaceae, Magnoliaceoe, Onagracea3, Orobanchaceae,Papaveraceae, Eosacea?, Ranun- 

 culaceae,Rutaceae,Ilesedaceae,Saxifragaceae, UmbeUiferae, Vacciniacea3,Alismaceae_ 



In the southern hemisphere, the following natural orders are predominant: 

 Atherospermacese, Cactacea?, Crassulacea?, Capparidaceae, Diosmea? a section of 

 Rutaceae, Dilleniacea?, Geraniacea;, Heliotropeae a section of Ehretiaceaa, Myrta- 

 cea;, Melastomaceaj, Mesembryaceae, Myoporineaj a section of Verbenaceae. 

 Malpighiaceae, Oxalidaceae, Pittosporaceae, Polygalaceae, Proteacea9, Scsevolea; 

 a section of Goodeniaceae, Spigeleae a section of Loganiaceae, Stylidiaceae, Ama- 

 ryllidaceae, Hsemodoraceae, Iridaceae, Restiaceae. 



It is sometimes difficult to tell in what division of the globe a family 

 may be said to be chiefly represented, inasmuch as the species and 

 genera are nearly equal in different countries. When a group of 

 plants occurs only in one of the six great divisions of the globe, it is said 

 to be monomic (poi/os, one, and vo/*o;, a region). Thus, Vochysiaceaa, 

 being confined to South America, is a monomic family ; and Cliffortia, 

 whose shrubby species are all indigenous to South Africa, is a monomic 

 genus. Again, a natural family, common to all the divisions, is poly- 



