38 MAMMALIA UNGULATA. [CERVUS. 



Formerly abundant throughout the kingdom, but now chiefly confined 

 to the Highlands of Scotland. The horns are shed in March, and re- 

 appear in the course of the summer. Rutting season from Michaelmas 

 to the end of November. Period of gestation rather more than eight 

 months. Usually but one at a birth. 



* 58. C. Duma, Linn. (Buck, or Fallow Deer.) Horns branched; 

 compressed ; palmated at the top, diverging. 



C. Dama, Desm. Mammal, p. 438. Flem. Brit. An. p. 26. Fallow Deer, 

 Penn. Brit. Zool. vol. i. p. 41. Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. n. p. 282. pi. 178-9. 



DIMENS. Length of the body about five feet ; of the tail seven inches five lines : 

 height about two feet ten inches. 



DESCRIPT. Body much smaller than in the last species ; tawny brown, with the 

 back, flanks, shoulders, and thighs, more or less spotted with white ; a dusky line 

 down the middle of the back ; buttocks white, bounded on each side by a descend- 

 ing black line ; tail longer than in the Stag, blackish brown above, white beneath ; 

 abdomen and inside of the thighs whitish : horns round at bottom, with two antlers 

 directed forwards ; their upper portion compressed, and dilated into a broad palm, 

 with tooth-like processes along the outer margin. Female or Doe without horns, 

 and likewise the Fawns during the first year. 



Var. (3. Entirely white. 



Var. y. Deep brown, approaching to black. 



Abundant in parks and forests in a half-reclaimed state, but doubtful whether 

 indigenous. The black variety said to have been introduced from Sweden by King 

 James the First; the others supposed to have come from Asia. Congregate in 

 small herds. Rutting season in the Autumn. Female goes with young eight 

 months, and produces one or two, rarely three, at a birth. The first two central 

 incisors shed at the age of a year and a half ; the change completed by the end of 

 the fourth year. 



59- C. Capreolus, Linn. (Roe-Buck.) Horns branch- 

 ed ; cylindrical ; small and erect, with furcate summits. 



C. Capreolus, Desm. Mammal, p. 439. Flem. Brit. An. p. 26. 

 Roe, Penn. Brit. Zool. vol. i. p. 49. pi. 4. Shaw, Gen. Zool. 

 vol. n. p. 291. 



DIMENS. Length of the body three feet nine inches; of the horns eight 

 to nine inches ; of the tail one inch : height (in front) two feet three 

 inches, (behind) two feet seven inches. 



DESCRIPT. Smaller than either of the preceding species, but of similar 

 form. Colour variable ; the general tint yellowish gray or reddish brown, 

 more or less deep in different individuals, sometimes dusky; each hair 

 being ash-coloured at the roots, then black, with the extreme tip tawny 

 yellow ; lower part of the neck, abdomen, and inside of the thighs, grayish 

 white; contour of the anus pure white: ears long, furnished internally 

 with long whitish hairs ; extremity of the nose dusky, with a white spot 

 on each side of the upper lip ; chin white : horns very rugged, sulcated 

 longitudinally, about as long as the head, with only two antlers, the first 

 arising about the middle, directed forwards, the second higher up di- 

 rected backwards : no lachrymal furrow : tail very short. Summer coat 

 much shorter and finer, and of a redder tint, than the winter one. Doe 

 without horns. In the young Buck, the horns are plain and unbranched 

 during the second year ; in the third year furnished with a single antler, 

 and in the fourth year complete. 



Common formerly in Wales, in the North of England, and in Scotland, 

 but at present almost confined to the Scottish Highlands. Loses its horns 



