AVES. 53 



than the middle toe : side toes of equal length : wings 

 with the first quill very short ; third and fourth longest. 



(MERULIDJS.) 



14. CINCLUS. Bill rather slender, straight, rounded, 

 compressed at the sides ; upper mandible emarginated at the 

 tip, slightly bending over the lower one : nostrils longi- 

 tudinally cleft, and partly covered by a membrane : tarsus 

 longer than the middle toe : wings and tail short ; the 

 former with the first quill very short, the third and 

 fourth longest. 



15. TURDUS Bill moderate, convex above, slightly 



bending towards the point, which is rather compressed ; 

 upper mandible emarginated : rictus furnished with a few 

 bristles: nostrils oval; partly covered by a naked mem- 

 brane: tarsus longer than the middle toe: wings and tail 

 moderate ; the former with the first quill extremely short, 

 almost abortive; the second somewhat shorter than the 

 third and fourth, which are longest. 



16. ORIOLUS Bill subconic, depressed at the base; 



upper mandible carinated above, slightly emarginated, in- 

 clining over the lower one : nostrils opening longitudinally 

 in a large membrane : tarsus not longer than the middle 

 toe: wings moderate; first quill very short ; third longest 



(SYLVIIDjE.) 



17. ACCENTOR. Bill rather strong, subconic, 

 straight, acute, broader than high at the base, very much 

 compressed in front ; upper mandible emarginated at the 

 tip ; the tomia of both mandibles inflected : nostrils ba- 

 sal, naked, pierced in a large membrane : tarsi strong : 

 wings moderate; first quill very short; third and fourth 

 longest. 



18. SYLVIA Bill slender, depressed at the base, 



compressed in front ; upper mandible bending over the 

 lower one, and slightly emarginated at the tip ; lower man- 



