AVES. 63 



throat with a pendulous carunculated wattle: tarsi of the male armed 

 with spurs : tail broad, expansile, consisting of from fourteen to eighteen 

 feathers. 



*54. PA VO. Bill naked at the base, thick, convex above, deflected 

 at the tip : cheeks partially naked : head ornamented with a crest : tarsi 

 of the male spurred : tail of eighteen feathers : upper tail-coverts longer 

 than the tail, broad and expansile, ocellated. 



*55. GALLUS. Bill smooth at the base, thick, slightly curved : 

 nostrils covered by an arched scale : generally an erect fleshy crest on 

 the head; throat 'with fleshy wattles on each side of the lower man- 

 dible: ears naked: tarsi with strong spurs: anterior toes united by a 

 membrane as far as the first joint: tail of fourteen feathers, compressed, 

 more or less arched, ascending. 



*56. PHASIANUS. Bill short and thick, naked at the base; upper 

 mandible very convex, with the tip deflected : nostrils basal, lateral, 

 covered by an arched membrane : cheeks naked, adorned with scarlet 

 papillae : ears covered : tarsi of the male spurred : anterior toes united 

 by a membrane as far as the first joint : wings short ; fourth and fifth 

 quills longest : tail very long, cuneated, of eighteen feathers. 



*57. NUMIDA. Bill thick, covered at the base with a warty mem- 

 brane, in which the nostrils are placed : head naked, the crown with a 

 callous horny protuberance ; beneath the cheeks pendulous carunculated 

 wattles : tarsi without spurs : anterior toes united by a membrane as far 

 as the first joint : tail short, bent down, of fourteen or sixteen feathers. 



III. TETR AONID^E. Hind toe short, and weak ; 

 sometimes altogether wanting : tarsi generally 

 armed with spurs: tail short. 



58. TETRAO. Bill short and strong, convex above, 

 bending towards the tip : nostrils partly closed by an 

 arched scale, concealed by the frontal feathers : eyebrows 

 naked, adorned with scarlet papillae : tarsi feathered ; with- 

 out spurs : wings with the first quill much shorter than 

 the second ; third and fourth longest : tail of sixteen or 

 eighteen feathers. 



(1. TETRAO.) Anterior toes naked, with pectinated margins: hind 

 toe longer than the nail : tail broad, and slightly rounded, or 

 lyrate. 



(2. LAGOPUS.) Anterior toes feathered, the margins not pecti- 

 nated: hind toe shorter than the nail: tail nearly even. 



59. PERDIX Bill short, strong, naked at the base, 



convex above, deflected towards the tip : nostrils basal, half 

 closed by an arched naked scale : tarsi naked : feet with 



