74 AVES. 



96. FULIGULA. Bill as long as the head, simple 

 at the base or very slightly elevated, broad and very much 

 depressed anteriorly, a little dilated towards the tip ; upper 

 lamella? not projecting beyond the edges of the mandible : 

 nostrils rather small, oblong-oval, a little before the base : 

 wings and tail short, the latter generally of fourteen acute 

 feathers. 



97. CLANGULA. Bill shorter than the head, ele- 

 vated at the base, much more contracted than in the last 

 genus, and becoming continually narrower towards the tip ; 

 lamellae not projecting : nostrils roundish-oval, medial : 

 tail of moderate length, graduated, the feathers semi-acute. 



98. HARELDA Bill much shorter than the head, 



rather high at the base, slender, suddenly contracting to- 

 wards the tip ; nail strong and arched ; upper lamellae pro- 

 jecting considerably below the edge of the mandible : nos- 

 trils large, oblong-linear, a little before the base : forehead 

 high : tail of fourteen feathers ; the central pair acute, and 

 very much elongated. 



**** (MERGANIN^E.) 



99. MERGUS Bill short or moderate, straight, slen- 

 der, narrow, approaching to cylindrical; upper mandible 

 high at the base, tapering towards the tip, which is armed 

 with a strong hooked nail ; tomia of both mandibles set with 

 acute teeth directed backwards : nostrils oblong-oval, per- 

 vious, medial : legs short, placed far behind : tarsi com- 

 pressed : hind toe lobated : tail of twelve feathers, rounded. 



II. COLYMBID^E. Bill slightly compressed, 

 smooth, not covered by a membranous skin; the 

 tomia simple, or only slightly denticulated : wings 

 short : legs placed at the extremity of the body : 

 tarsi very much compressed: feet four-toed, pal- 

 mated, or fissopalmated : hind toe free. 



100. PODICEPS. Bill moderate, straight, robust, 

 forming a lengthened cone, sharp-pointed; upper mandible 



