140 AVES INSESSORES. [FRINGILLA. 



placed in hedges and low bushes ; formed of moss and bents interwoven 

 with wool, and lined with wool and hair. Eggs four or five in number ; 

 hatched the beginning of May. Occasionally a second brood. In Winter, 

 collects into large flocks. Obs. The Fringilla Linota of authors is this 

 species in its winter plumage. 



101. F. Montium, Gmel. (Mountain Linnet.) 

 Throat reddish brown, without spots; greater wing-coverts 

 edged with white ; rump purplish red : bill thick and short ; 

 yellow: feet black. 



F. Montium, Temm. Man. d'Orn. torn. i. p. 368. Mountain Linnet 

 or Twite, Selb. Illust. vol. i. p. 318. pi. 55. f. 5. Bew. Brit. Birds, 

 vol. i. p. 204. Twite, Mont. Orn. Diet. 



DIMENS. Entire length five inches three lines : length of the bill 

 (from the forehead) three lines, (from the gape) four lines ; of the tarsus 

 seven lines and a half; of the tail two inches three lines; from the 

 carpus to the end of the wing two inches eleven lines : breadth, wings 

 extended, eight inches nine lines. 



DESCRIPT. (Male in Spring.) Throat, fore part of the neck, and sides 

 of the head, pale reddish brown : the feathers on the crown, nape, and 

 back, deep black in the middle, reddish at the edges: rump fine purplish 

 red : greater wing-coverts edged and tipped with whitish : quills dusky ; 

 the primaries edged with pale brown, the secondaries with white, on their 

 outer webs : breast and sides, yellowish brown, with large dusky spots ; 

 middle of the belly and vent whitish: tail forked; deep brown, edged 

 with dirty white: bill smaller than in the last species, wax-yellow: 

 irides brown: feet black. In Winter, the black on the upper parts 

 assumes more of a brownish tinge. (Female.) All the upper parts brown, 

 the feathers edged with pale yellowish red ; rump the same as the back, 

 without the tinge of purplish red : bill yellowish, tipped with brown. 

 (Egg.) Pale bluish white, speckled with pale purple-red: long. diam. 

 eight lines ; trans, diam. six lines and a half. 



Not uncommon in the neighbourhood of London, and in many of the 

 eastern counties, during the winter season, flocking with the last species. 

 At the approach of Spring, retires to the northern and mountainous parts 

 of England and Scotland, where it breeds. Nest placed amongst heath, 

 and formed of that plant with the addition of dry grass and wool, lined 

 with this latter material, fibres of roots, and the finer parts of the heath. 

 Eggs four or five in number. 



GEN. 30. PYRRHULA, Briss. 



102. P. vulgaris, Temm. (Common Bullfinch.) Base 

 of the bill, crown, throat, wings and tail, black : cheeks, 

 and under parts, red. 



P. vulgaris, Temm. Man. d'Orn. torn. i. p. 338. Bullfinch, Mont. 

 Orn. Diet. Bew. Brit. Birds, vol. i. p. 165. Selb. Illust. vol. i. 

 p. 336. pi. 54. f. 1. & 1*. 



DIMENS. Entire length six inches four lines : length of the bill (from 

 the forehead) four lines and a half, (from the gape) five lines; of the 

 tarsus nine lines ; of the tail two inches &ix lines ; from the carpus to the 



