182 AVES GRALLATORES [VANELLUS. 



(2. VANELLUS, Cuv.) 



167- V. cristatus, Meyer. (Crested Lapwing.) Crown, 

 fore part of the neck and breast, greenish black ; occipital 

 feathers very much elongated, slightly recurved : back and 

 scapulars olive-green. 



V. cristatus, Temm. Man. d'Orn. torn. n. p. 550. Crested or Green 

 Lapwing;, Self). Illust. vol.n. p. 221. pi. 34. Lapwing, Mont. Orn. 

 Diet. Bew. Brit. Birds, vol. n. p. 79. 



DIMENS. Entire length twelve inches six lines : length of the bill 

 (from the forehead) ten lines and a half, (from the gape) one inch and 

 half a line ; of the tarsus one inch ten lines ; of the tail four inches six 

 lines ; from the carpus to the end of the wing eight inches seven lines : 

 breadth, wings extended, twenty-eight inches five lines. 



DESCRIPT. (Winter plumage.) Occipital feathers very much elon- 

 gated, filiform, and turned upwards at the extremities : forehead, crown, 

 crest, fore part of the neck, and upper part of the breast, of a shining 

 greenish black ; throat, region of the eyes, and sides of the neck, white : 

 back, scapulars, and wing-coverts, olive-green, glossed with blue and 

 purplish red: quills black; the first four primaries tipped with white: 

 lower part of the breast, and all the belly, white; upper and under tail- 

 coverts pale ferruginous : basal half of the tail white ; the remaining 

 portion black, tipped with white; outer feather almost entirely white: 

 bill dusky : feet brownish red. (Summer plumage.) The black on the 

 neck of a deeper tint, and extending over the throat ; the occipital crest 

 somewhat longer ; the green and blue reflections on the upper parts more 

 brilliant. (Young of the year.) The crest shorter; throat variegated with 

 white and cinereous brown; beneath the eyes a dusky streak; all the 

 feathers, as well on the upper as under parts, tipped with reddish yellow : 

 feet olivaceous ash. (Egg.) Olive ground, blotched and spotted nearly 

 all over with blackish brown : long. diam. one inch eleven lines ; trans, 

 diam. one inch four lines. 



Common in most parts of the kingdom, frequenting fens and moist 

 fields, as well as heaths, warrens, and upland situations. Has a pecu- 

 liar note resembling the word pee-wit. Feeds on insects, worms, and 

 snails. Breeds early in the Spring, depositing its eggs, which are 

 four in number, on the bare ground. Collects in vast flocks at the 

 approach of Autumn. 



GEN. 65. STREPSILAS, Illig. 



168. S. Inter pres. Leach. (Common Turnstone.) 

 Upper parts variegated with white, black, and ferruginous ; 

 breast and abdomen white. 



S. collaris, Temm. Man. d^Orn. torn. n. p. 553. Common Turnstone, 

 Selb. Illust. vol. n. p. 204. pi. 33*. Turnstone, Mont. Orn. Diet. 

 Bew. Brit. Birds, vol. n. pp. 108, and 110. 



DIMENS. Entire length nine inches three lines : length of the bill 

 (from the forehead) ten lines, (from the gape) eleven lines and a half : 

 of the tarsus eleven lines and a half; of the tail two inches eight lines; 



