CALIDRIS.] AVES GRALLATORES. 183 



from the carpus to the end of the wing five inches ten lines : breadth, 

 wings extended, eighteen inches eight lines. 



DESCRIPT. (Adult male.) Forehead, space hetween the eye and the 

 bill, throat, and a broad collar on the nape of the neck, white : across the 

 forehead a narrow black streak, which, passing over the eyes, becomes 

 somewhat enlarged on the sides of the face ; from thence it branches off 

 on one side to the base of the lower mandible, on the other to the sides of 

 the neck, where it again enlarges before uniting with a large gorget of 

 the same colour on the lower part of the neck and breast : rest of the 

 under parts pure white : crown of the head reddish white, with longi- 

 tudinal black streaks; upper part of the back, scapulars, and wing-coverts, 

 ferruginous brown, with large irregularly distributed black spots ; lower 

 back and upper tail-coverts white; a broad black bar on the rump : quills 

 dusky ; the shafts of the primaries, and tips of the secondaries, white : 

 tail black, tipped with white; the outer feather entirely white: bill black: 

 feet orange-yellow. The female differs only in having the colours not 

 so distinct ; the white on the head and neck less pure ; the black not so 

 deep. (Young of the year.) Head and nape cinereous brown, with darker 

 variegations; some white spots on the cheeks and sides of the neck; 

 throat and fore part of the neck whitish ; sides of the breast deep brown, 

 the feathers tipped with whitish ; rest of the under parts, and a consider- 

 able portion of the back, pure white ; upper part of the back, scapulars, 

 and wing-coverts, deep brown, all the feathers broadly edged with yel- 

 lowish ; the transverse bar on the rump deep brown, bordered with red : 

 feet yellowish red. (Egg.) Reddish white, blotched and spotted with 

 dark chestnut-brown : long. diam. one inch six lines ; trans, diam. one 

 inch. 



A regular winter visitant on many parts of the coast, appearing in 

 August and departing in the Spring. Goes northward to breed. Derives 

 its name from its habit of turning over the small stones on the shore in 

 search of marine insects and worms on which it feeds. Is said to lay 

 three or four eggs, in a small hollow in the sand. Obs. The Tringa 

 Morinella of Linnaeus is this bird in immature plumage. 



GEN. 66. CALIDRIS, Illig. 



169. C. arenaria, Illig. (Sanderling.) Cinereous 

 above, with darker streaks; all the under parts white 

 (winter) : or ferruginous and white spotted with black ; 

 belly and abdomen white (summer). 



C. arenaria, Temm. Man. d'Orn. torn. n. p. 524. Sanderling, Mont. 

 Orn. Diet. Bew. Brit. Birds, vol. i. p. 375. Common Sanderling, 

 Selb. Illust. vol. ii. p. 208. pi. 36. 



DIMENS. Entire length eight inches: length of the bill (from the 

 forehead) one inch and half a line, (from the gape) one inch one line ; 

 of the tarsus eleven lines and a half; of the middle toe, claw included, 

 eight lines and a half; from the carpus to the end of the wing four inches 

 nine lines. 



DESCRIPT. (Winter plumage.) All the upper parts cinereous, with 

 the shafts of the feathers blackish brown : forehead, cheeks, throat, sides 

 of the neck, and all the under parts, pure white : the bend and edge of 

 the wing blackish gray ; primaries dusky, the edges and tips inclining 

 to brown ; wing-coverts broadly edged with white : tail deep gray, the 



