240 AVES NATATORES. [OIDEMIA. 



orange yellow, which, passing onwards, spreads over half the bill, but 

 does not reach the tip by half an inch : irides brown : orbits yellow : 

 tarsi and toes dusky gray ; membranes black. (Female.) Crown, occiput 

 and nape, dusky brown; cheeks, throat and breast, dull brown, with a 

 mixture of ash-gray : back, wings, and under parts of the body, deep 

 brown, the feathers edged at the tips with whitish brown : bill somewhat 

 elevated at the base, but without the globular protuberance ; of a blackish 

 colour ; the nostrils, and a spot towards the tip, yellowish : orbits brown. 

 (Young male, during the first year.) " Resembles the adult female, but the 

 colours are somewhat paler : space between the eye and the bill, crown, 

 occiput, nape and breast, deep brown; beneath the eyes, sides and fore 

 part of the neck, pure white ; the rest of the plumage sooty-brown : bill 

 elevated at the base ; livid brown ; the nostrils flesh-colour : legs dirty 

 yellowish green; membranes dusky." TEMM. (Egg.) Pale buiF-colour: 

 long. diam. two inches six lines; trans, diam. one inch nine lines. 



Like the last a winter visitant. Not uncommon on most parts of the 

 British coast, but seldom observed inland. Breeds in high northern 

 latitudes. Dives well, and feeds principally on shell-fish. 



(20.) O. pcrspicillata, Steph. (Surf Scoter.) Faun. Bor. Amer. 

 part ii. p. 449. Selb. Illust. vol. H. p. 335. pi. 69. Anas persp., 

 Temm. Man. d'Orn. torn. n. p. 853. Wils. Amer. Orn. vol. vm. 

 p. 49. pi. 67. f. 1. 



According to Temminck, this species, which is plentiful in North Ame- 

 rica, has occurred occasionally in the Orkneys. It does not, however, 

 appear to have been met with by any of our own naturalists, nor am I 

 aware that any native specimens exist in our collections. It is distinguished 

 from the nigra, which it most nearly resembles, by a frontal band, and 

 a large patch on the nape, of pure white : rest of the plumage black : no 

 speculum. 



(21.) 0. leucocephala, Steph. (White-headed Scoter.) Flem. Brit. 

 An. p. 119. Anas leuc., Temm. Man. d'Orn. torn. n. p. 859. 



Dr Fleming is of opinion that the female Scoter described by Montagu in 

 the Supp. to the Orn. Diet, and the White-throated Duck of Pennant (Brit. 

 Zool. vol. n. pi. 98.) are referable to this species, to which he has accord- 

 ingly given a place in the British Fauna. It is, however, very probable, 

 that the individuals above alluded to may have been only immature speci- 

 mens of the nigra, which has generally more or less white on the head 

 and neck during the first year. There is no good authority for considering 

 the O leucocephala as British. It inhabits the eastern parts of Europe, and, 

 according to Temminck, is never found in Holland. 



. GEN. 96. FULIGULA, Ray. 



251. F. rufina, Steph. (Red-crested Pochard.) Head, 

 throat, and crest, reddish brown ; lower part of the neck, 

 breast, belly and abdomen, deep black; flanks, a large 

 spot on the shoulders, and speculum on the wing, white: 

 bill and legs red. 



F. rufina, Steph. in Shaw's Gen. Zool. vol. xn. part ii. p. 188. pi. 54. 

 Anas rufina, Temm. Man. d'Orn. torn. n. p. 864. Yarrellin Zool. 

 Journ. vol. ii. p. 492. Red-crested Duck, Lath. Syn. vol. in. 

 p. 544. Red-crested Pochard, Selb. Illust. vol. n. p. 350. (Trachea,) 

 Linn. Trans, vol. xv. pi. 15. f. e. 



