274 AVES NATATORES. [LARUS. 



DIMENS. Entire length eighteen inches. MONT. 



DESCRIPT. (Winter plumage.) According to Temminck, unknown. 

 (Summer plumage.) " Head, and upper part of the neck, deep lead-gray, 

 the hood extending lower in front than behind ; a white spot above and 

 beneath the eyes; lower part of the neck, breast, belly, and tail, pure 

 white : back, wings, and secondary quills, lead-gray ; tips of the second- 

 aries white ; the whole of the primaries, which extend two inches beyond 

 the tail, deep black: bill and legs very deep lake-red." TEMM. (Egg.) 

 Dun clay-colour, thinly marked with small irregular touches of pale 

 purple and pale brown: long. diam. two inches and a quarter; trans, 

 diam. one inch and a half. WILS. 



But little known as a British species. Montagu records having seen 

 five individuals together feeding in a pool upon the Shingly Flats near 

 Winchelsea in Sussex, and two others near Hastings. One was shot. 

 According to Temminck, not uncommon in the South of Europe. Food, 

 the remains of fish and Crustacea, and also insects. Said by Wilson to 

 breed in marshes, and to lay three eggs. 



295. L. tridactylus, Lath. (Kittiwake Gull.) Bill 

 greenish yellow : legs dusky : tarsus one inch four lines : 

 a small knob instead of a back toe: primaries bluish ash, 

 the outer one edged externally with black. 



L. tridactylus, Temm. Man. dOrn. torn. n. p. 774. Kittiwake, 

 Mont. Orn. Diet. $> Supp. Bew. Brit. Birds, vol. n. pp. 218, 

 & 220. Selb. Illust. vol. n. p. 493. pi. 94. 



DIMENS. Entire length fifteen inches six lines: length of the bill 

 (from the forehead) one inch four lines, (from the gape) two inches one 

 line ; of the tarsus one inch four lines ; of the tail five inches five lines ; 

 from the carpus to the end of the wing twelve inches : breadth, wings 

 extended, three feet one inch four lines. 



DESCRIPT. (Adult in unnter.) Crown, occiput, nape, and sides of the 

 neck, pale bluish ash, with a few fine dusky streaks before the eyes ; 

 forehead, region of the eyes, and all the under parts, pure white : back, 

 scapulars, and wing-coverts, bluish ash : quills the same ; the first with 

 the whole of the outer web black ; first four primaries tipped with black, 

 two or three of them with a small white spot at the extreme point ; the 

 fifth white at the extremity, with a black bar near the tip : rump and 

 tail pure white : bill greenish yellow : inside of the mouth, and eye-lids, 

 orange-red : irides brown : legs dusky brown, tinged with olivaceous. 

 (Summer plumage.) The whole head and neck pure white, without any 

 bluish ash on the nape, or dusky streaks before the eyes : the rest as in 

 winter. (Young of the year.) Head, neck, and all the under parts, white, 

 with the exception of a small spot at the anterior angle of the eye, 

 a patch on the ear-coverts, and a larger crescent-shaped patch on the 

 nape, which are dusky ash : back and wings deep bluish ash, the feathers 

 tipped with dusky brown ; the bend, and upper edge, of the wing, black ; 

 scapulars and secondary quills with large dusky spots ; primaries black : 

 tail black at the end, the extreme tips of the feathers whitish ; the outer 

 feather entirely white : bill, irides, and eye-lids, black. After the first 

 moult, the back assumes the bluish ash, with still a few feathers inter- 

 mixed spotted with brown ; the spots on the head, and crescent-shaped 

 patch on the nape, appear of a dark bluish ash ; the wing-coverts also 

 still spotted with dark brown ; tail black at the extremity : bill greenish 



