316 PISCES. 



(I. ABDOMINALES.) 



Ventrals suspended from the abdomen, and situate far 

 behind the pectorals. 



I. CYPRINID^E. Mouth small: jaws weak, 

 generally without teeth, formed by the intermaxil- 

 laries : pharyngeans with strong teeth: body 

 scaly : no adipose fin. 



35. CYPRINUS. Jaws without teeth: lips simple, 

 with or without barbules: branchiostegous membrane with 

 three flat rays : one dorsal : scales generally large. 



(*1. CYPRINUS.) Dorsal long; the second ray, as well as that in the anal, 

 a serrated spine. 



(2. BARBUS.) Dorsal and anal short; the former with the second or 

 third ray strongly spinous : upper jaw with four barbules ; two 

 at the angles, and two at the extremity of the mouth. 



(3. GOBIO.) Dorsal and anal short ; without spines : upper jaw with 

 two barbules. 



(4. TINCA.) Dorsal and anal short; without spines: scales small, 

 and slimy: two very short barbules. 



(5. ABRAMIS.) Neither spines nor barbules : dorsal short, placed 

 behind the ventrals: anal long. 



(6. LEUCISCUS.) Dorsal and anal short; without spines: mouth 

 without barbules. 



36. COBITIS Jaws without teeth: lips fleshy, fitted 



to act as suckers, furnished with barbules : body elongated : 

 scales small, and slimy : branchiostegous membrane with 

 three rays : one dorsal : ventrals very much behind. 



II. ESOCID^E. Mouth with strong teeth: upper 

 jaw formed by the intermaxillary, or if not 

 entirely, the maxillary without teeth and con- 

 cealed in the substance of the lips : no adipose 



37. ESOX. Snout broad, oblong, rounded, depressed ; 

 intermaxillaries forming two-thirds of the upper jaw ; teeth 



