CLUPEA.] PISCES (OSSEI) MALACOPT. 437 



C. Pilchardus, Block, Ichth. pi. 406. Don. Brit. Fish. vol. in. 

 pi. 69. Turt. Brit. Faun. p. 106. Flem. Brit. An. p. 183. 

 Harengus minor, sive Pilchardus, Will Hist. Pise. p. 223. 

 tab. P. 1. f. 1. Pilchard, Penn. Brit. Zool. vol. in. p. 343. 

 pi. 68. no. 161. Id. (Edit. 1812.) vol. in. p. 453. Le Pilchard, 

 ou le Celan, Cuv. Reg. An. torn. n. p. 319. 



LENGTH. Nine to eleven, rarely twelve, inches. 



DESCRIPT. General form resembling that of the Herring: the body, 

 however, somewhat thicker and rounder ; the depth greater, the dorsal 

 line being more curved : belly not so sharp, as in that species, although 

 the abdominal serratures, more especially those in front of the ventrals, 

 are rather more produced: head shorter: lower jaw not so long with 

 respect to the upper: scarcely any perceptible teeth; the maxillaries 

 simply with a few very fine denticulations quite at their lower extre- 

 mity :" diameter of the eye about one-fourth the length of the head : 

 subopercle cut square at bottom, and forming with the preopercle an 

 oblong (not a semicircle as in the Herring) ; both opercle and pre- 

 opercle, but the last especially, with strongly-marked radiating striae : 

 scales larger than in the Herring: dorsal more forward, and placed 

 exactly in the centre of gravity ; the distance from the end of the snout 

 to the first ray, equalling the distance from the last ray to the base of the 

 caudal : caudal deeply forked : pectorals two-thirds the length of the 

 head, attached low down, beneath the subopercle: ventrals rather be- 

 hind a vertical line from the middle of the dorsal : 



B. 6 ; D. 18 ; A. 18 ; C. 19, &c. ; P. 16 ; V. 8. 



Principally taken off the coast of Cornwall, where they appear in large 

 shoals towards the end of Summer. The fishery for them commences 

 (according to Mr. Couch) towards the end of July, and terminates about 

 the time of the autumnal equinox. Food undetermined, but thought by 

 Mr. Couch to be the seeds of fuci. 



(2. ALOSA, Cuv.) 



121. C. Finta, Cuv. (Shad.) Distinct teeth in both 

 jaws : a row of dusky spots along each side of the body. 



C. Finta, Cuv. Reg. An. torn. n. p. 320. C. Alosa, Block, Ichth. 

 pi. 30. f. 1. Don. Brit. Fish. vol. HI. pi. 57. Turt. Brit. Faun. 

 p, 106. Flem. Brit. An. p. 183. ? Shad, Witt. Hist. Pise. p. 227. 

 tab. P. 3. f. 1. Penn. Brit. Zool. vol. in. p. 348. pi. 69. no. 164. 

 Id. (Edit. 1812.) vol. in. p. 460. pi. 80. Yarr. in Zool. Journ. 

 vol. iv. pp. 137, and 465. pi. 5. f. 1. (Young.) Thames Shad, 

 Bowd. Brit.fr. wat. Fish. Draw.no. 19. 



LENGTH. From ten to sixteen inches ; occasionally rather more. 



DESCRIPT. (Form.) Much larger in all its dimensions than either the 

 Herring or the Pilchard : body thicker ; also somewhat deeper in pro- 

 portion to its length : ventral line more convex than the dorsal : abdomen 

 sharply carinated; the serratures much sharper and stronger than in 

 any of the true Clupece, most developed between the ventrals and the 

 anal: head somewhat triangular; measuring rather more than one-fifth 

 of the entire length : snout short ; under jaw relatively longer than in 

 the Pilchard, but not so long as in the Herring : intermaxillary deeply 

 notched : maxillaries sharply serrated with fine teeth along their whole 

 margin ; lower jaw likewise with three or four teeth, much stronger than 



