438 PISCES (OSSEI) MALACOPT. [CLUPEA. 



the others, on each side near the extremity : tongue smooth, of a tri- 

 angular form, free, and terminating in a hlunt point : eyes placed high 

 on the cheeks ; much smaller than in the Pilchard, their diameter being 

 scarcely more than one-fifth the length of the head ; the distance from 

 them to the edge of the maxillary just equal to their diameter: sub- 

 opercle as in the Herring, but rounded off at bottom more obliquely ; 

 preopercle more resembling that of the Pilchard, and marked with radi- 

 ating striae as in that species, though not quite so distinctly : lateral line 

 scarcely perceptible : scales of moderate size : dorsal placed further back 

 than in the Pilchard, but more advanced than in the Herring, the dis- 

 tance from the snout to its commencement, when brought behind the fin, 

 reaching to nearly one- third of the caudal ; fifth ray longest ; the pre- 

 ceding ones gradually increasing from the first, which is very short ; first 

 three simple, the rest branched ; the last two from one root : anal longer 

 than in the Pilchard, and not approaching quite so near the caudal ; the 

 intervening space one-seventh of the entire length of the body, caudal 

 excluded : caudal deeply forked : pectorals more than half the length of 

 the head : ventral s beneath the middle of the dorsal. 



B. 8; D. 20 ; A. 21 ; C. 19, &c. ; P. 15 ; V. 9. 



Number of vertebrae fifty-five. (Colours.) Back, and upper part of the 

 sides, dusky blue: lower part of the sides, and belly, silvery white, or 

 yellowish, glossed with golden hues : a row of dusky spots, generally five 

 or six in number, but varying in different individuals, along each flank. 

 Obs. The young of this species are distinguished from White-Bait by 

 their greater depth in proportion to their length, smaller eye, bifid snout, 

 the presence of teeth along the whole margin of the maxillary, more for- 

 ward dorsal fin, much sharper, as well as differently formed, abdominal 

 serratures, and by the row of spots on the sides, the first of which, imme- 

 diately behind the opercle, is never wanting. 



A migratory species, entering rivers in May for the purpose of spawn- 

 ing, and returning to the sea about the end of July. Very abundant 

 in the Thames and Severn. In the former river is found as high up 

 as Putney and Hammersmith, where the White-Bait is unknown. Feeds, 

 according to Bloch, on worms, insects, and small fish. Spawns about the 

 first week in July. Flesh coarse and insipid. In the Severn is called 

 a Twaite, the name of Shad being reserved for the next species. 



122. C. Alosa, Cuv. (Allis.) Jaws without distinct 

 teeth : a single black spot behind the gills. 



C. Alosa, Cuv. Reg. An. torn. n. p. 319. Shad, Bowd. Brit. fr. 

 wat. Fish. Draw. no. 27. 



LENGTH. From two to three, sometimes four, feet. 



DESCRIPT. (Form.) Depth greater than in the last species, equalling 

 rather more than one-fourth of the entire length : maxillaries rough at 

 the edges, but without any distinct teeth: anal a little longer: in all 

 other respects nearly similar : number of fin-rays, 



D. 19; A. 26; C. 19, &c. ; P. 15 ; V. 9. 



(Colours.) Resembling those of the C. Finta, but with rarely more than 

 a single dusky spot behind the gills, which is always present. 



This species abounds in the Severn, and is also occasionally, though 

 rarely, taken in the Thames, in which last river it is called Allis. It 



