ENGRAULIS.] PISCES (OSSEI) MALACOPT. 439 



is more esteemed for the table than the C. Finta: it also attains to 

 a larger size, weighing from four to five, sometimes even as much as 

 eight, pounds. Obs. Either this or the last species is the Chad of Jesse*. 



GEN. 45. ENGRAULIS, Cuv. 

 123. E. Encrasicholus, Flera. (Anchovy.) 



E. Encrasicholus, Flem. Brit. An. p. 183. Clupea Encrasicholus, 

 Linn. Syst. Nat. torn. i. p. 523.' Block, Ichth. pi. 30. f. 2. 

 Don. Brit. Pish. vol. in. pi. 50. Turt. Brit. Faun. p. 107. 

 Encrasicholus, Will. Hist. Pise. p. 225. tab. P. 2. f. 2. Anchovy, 

 Penn. Brit. Zool. vol. in. p. 347. pi. 67. Id. (Edit. 1812.) vol.m. 

 p. 441. pi. 78. L'Anchois vulgaire, Cuv. Reg. An. torn. n. 

 p. 322. 



LENGTH. Six inches and a half. PENN. 



DESCRIPT. (Form.) Body slender, but thicker in proportion than the 

 Herring: eyes large: under jaw much shorter than the upper: teeth 

 small ; a row in each jaw, and another on the middle of the tongue : the 

 tongue doubly ciliated on both sides : dorsal consisting of twelve rays, 

 transparent, and placed nearer the nose than the tail: scales large and 

 deciduous : edge of the belly smooth : tail forked. (Colours.) Back green, 

 and semipellucid : sides and belly silvery, and opaque : irides white, with 

 a cast of yellow. PENN. According to Donovan, the number of the fin- 

 rays is as follows: 



D. 15; A. 14; C. 24 ; P. 15 ; V. 7- 



Apparently a rare species in the British seas. First obtained by Ray 

 from the estuary of the Dee. Pennant mentions a few which were taken 

 near his house at Downing, in Flintshire, in 1769. Donovan procured a 

 specimen from the coast of Hampshire. More recently single individuals 

 have occurred on the coasts of Norfolk and Durham. Common in the 

 Mediterranean, where there is also (according to Cuvier) a second and 

 smaller species, distinguished by the profile being less convex. Both 

 this last and the British one belong to that section of the genus, in which 

 the belly is smooth without a sharp edge, and the dorsal opposite the 

 ventrals. 



(4.) LEPISOSTEUS, Lacep. 



(22.) L. Gavialis, Lacep. Hist. Nat. des Poiss. torn. v. p. 333. 

 Esox osseus, Linn. Syst. Nat. torn. i. p. 516. Bloch, Ichth. 

 pi. 390. Berkenh. Syn. vol. i. p. 81. Don. Brit. Fish. vol. v. 

 pi. 100. 



Berkenhout was the first to include this species in the British Fauna. 

 He gives us to understand that it had occurred on the Sussex coast. The 

 only other author who has mentioned any locality for it is Stewart, who 

 states t that it has been taken in the Frith of Forth. It is probable, how- 

 ever, that in both these instances there is some error, as the species is 

 a native of America, where it is said to inhabit lakes and large rivers. 



* Gleanings in Nat. Hist. Second Series, p. 129. 

 t Elements of Nat. Hist. vol. i. p. 374. 



