GADUS.] PISCES (OSSEI) MALACOPT. 441 



(Colours.) Back, head, and upper half of the sides, cinereous brown, 

 obscurely spotted with yellow; lower half of the sides, and abdomen, 

 white: lateral line forming a narrow white band, very conspicuous on 

 the dusky ground: fins dusky; ventrals pale, approaching to white. 



A common species on most parts of the coast, but said to increase 

 in numbers towards the North. According to Dr. Fleming, the most 

 extensive fisheries in our seas are off the Western Isles and the coast 

 of Zetland. Spawns in the early part of the Spring. Food, worms, 

 Crustacea, shell-fish, &c. Has been known to attain the weight of 

 seventy-eight pounds. 



(23.) G. Callarias, Linn. Syst. Nat. torn. i. p. 436. Bloch, Ichth. 

 pi. 63. Berkenh. Syn. vol. i. p. 67. Turt. Brit. Faun. p. 89. 

 Nilss. Prod. Ichth. Scand. p. 40. Asellus varius vel striatus, 

 Will. Hist. Pise. p. 172. tab. L. m. 1. n. 1. f. 1. Variable Cod- 

 Fish, Penn. Brit. Zool. (Ed. 1812.) vol. HI. p. 239. Le Dorsch, 

 Cuv. Reg. -An. torn. n. p. 332. 



This species, which is common in the Northern seas, especially in the 

 Baltic, has been included in the British Fauna by Berkenhout, Turton, 

 and the Editor of the last edition of Pennant's Zoology ; its claims to 

 insertion, however, must be considered as rather doubtful. It is probable 

 that by some observers it has been confounded with a variety of the last 

 species, in which the upper jaw projects a little beyond the lower, though 

 never so much as in the G. Callarias, in which this character forms a 

 striking feature. According to Cuvier, the true G. Callarias is usually 

 of much smaller size than the G. Morrhua. Nilsson states its length to be 

 from one to two feet.. The same observer has annexed a distinguishing 

 character between the two species, which it may be well to repeat here 

 for the guidance of our own naturalists, in the event of the G. Callarias 

 being really an inhabitant of the British seas. He remarks, that in the 

 G. Morrhua, the length of the lower jaw equals half that of the head, 

 also equals the distance from the snout to the posterior margin of the 

 orbit : in the G. Callarias, it is shorter than half the length of the head, 

 and equals the distance from the snout to the middle of the eye. The 

 colours of this last species, upon which some authors appear to have 

 relied, are said to be extremely variable. 



The G. Callarias has been sometimes distinguished by the English name 

 of Dorse. Its flesh (according to Cuvier) is reckoned superior to that 

 of the Common Cod. 



125. G. j32glefinus 9 Linn. (Haddock.) Lateral line, 

 and a large spot behind the pectorals, black : upper jaw 

 longest. 



G. ^Bglefinus, Linn. Syst. Nat. torn. i. p. 435. Block, Ichth. pi. 62. 

 Don. Brit. Fish. vol. in. pi. 59. Turt. Brit. Faun. p. 89. 

 Onos, Will. Hist. Pise. p. 170. tab. L. m. 1. n. 2. Morhua 

 ^Eglefinus, Flem. Brit. An. p. 191. Hadock, Penn. Brit. Zool. 

 vol. in. p. 179. Id. (Edit. 1812.) vol. in. p. 241. L'Egrefin, 

 Cuv. Reg. An. torn. n. p. 331. 



LENGTH. From eighteen inches to two feet; rarely more. 



DESCRIPT. (Form.) Rather more elongated, in proportion to its depth, 

 than the Common Cod : barbule on the chin shorter : nape with an ele- 

 vated ridge instead of a groove: upper jaw considerably the longest: 

 lateral line hardly so much curved: first dorsal more decidedly tri- 

 angular; the second and third rays longest, and more elevated above 

 the others: third dorsal of the same length as the first, but not so 



