THE TEETH OF PRIMATES. 409 



characteristic of the baboons. There is nothing to note of 

 the second premolar save that it is implanted by two roots, 

 like the true molars, which are quadricuspid ; of them the 

 third is larger than the first two, and is quinquicuspid. 



There is considerable difference in the size of the canine 

 in the two sexes, that of the male being very much the 

 larger ; this difference does not exist in the deciduous den- 

 tition, in which the canines are relatively small. 



The Anthropoid Apes are the Gibbons (Hylobates), the 

 Chimpanzee (Simia Troglodytes, or Troglodytes niger), the 

 Orang (Simia or Pithecus Satyrus), and the Gorilla (Troglo- 

 dytes Gorilla). 



Upon the whole the gibbons are the lowest, and the 

 gorilla the highest of the anthropoid apes, which are all 

 confined to tropical areas. Thus the gorilla and chimpanzee 

 are confined to tropical Africa, and the orang is limited to a 

 part of the Malay archipelago. The gibbons are more 

 widely distributed over the Malay archipelago and tropical 

 Asia. 



Although upon the whole the gorilla approaches most 

 nearly to man, this can hardly be said to be the case with 

 its dentition. The jaws are very square, and there is a large 

 diastema in front of the upper canine, which in the male 

 gorilla is of great size and strength, its top descending far 

 below the level of the alveolar border of the lower jaw when 

 the mouth is shut. 



In the lower jaw there is no diastema, but the teeth are 

 all in contact with one another ; the first of the pre-molars 

 is a very strong pointed cone, showing plainly the close 

 relationship between canines and premolars alluded to at a 

 previous page (p. 17). 



The molars increase in size from before backwards, the 

 third molars attaining to a vejry large size. 



Nevertheless, though the teeth are coarser and stronger, 

 there is a general resemblance to those of man. 



