F= A. T I V. 



URINALYSIS. 



The clinical significance of urinalysis renders this subject of 

 paramount importance to the physician. Only a bare outline is 

 here given of some of the important processes of physical and chem- 

 ical urinalysis. ' In the preparation of this outline Purdy's " Prac- 

 tical Urinalysis and Urinary Diagnosis " has been consulted. Those 

 who may contemplate pursuing these investigations more exhaust- 

 ively will not be disappointed if they secure this admirable text. 

 The microscopical examination of urine is valuable in demonstrat- 

 ing pus, bacteria, animal parasites, blood, fat, epithelium, inorganic 

 crystals, and other products, thus affording very valuable assistance 

 in the detection of abnormal conditions. The few practical exer- 

 cises pointed out in this brief discussion are only suggestive of the 

 field which might be explored by the ambitious student. 



CHAPTER XXX. 



PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AND MICROSCOPICAL URINALYSIS. 

 1. PHYSICAL URINALYSIS. 



The physical examination of urine includes the following deter- 

 minations : 



1. The amount voided in twenty-four hours. This determina- 

 tion is important as a basis upon which to estimate the quantity of 

 solid matter eliminated in a given period. It also indicates the 

 possible presence or absence of such diseases as uraemia, diabetes, 

 and Bright's disease. The normal quantity passed, in twenty-four 

 hours ranges from 1,000 c.c. to 2,000 c.c., the average in a healthy 

 person being 1,500 c.c. 



2. Odor. The odor may be aromatic, ammoniacaL, putrid, or 

 scarcely perceptible. The odor of freshly-voided normal urine is 



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