THE LIVER AND BILIAEY APPARATUS. 



195 



By conjoined natural injection of the bile-capillaries and 

 artificial injection of the portal system with carmine-glycerine 

 by the methods above detailed, very gratifying results are ob- 

 tained. Care must be taken, 

 however, not to use too much 

 force during the process of in- 

 jection, and only such por- 

 tions of the liver should be 

 chosen for sections as show, 

 by their red color, a perfect 

 filling of the portal branches. 



While the elimination of 

 the indigo-carmine is taking 

 place within the liver of the 

 living animal, the bile-capilla- 

 ries probably contain the salt 

 in a soluble form. The addi- 

 tion of absolute alcohol at 

 once precipitates this color- 

 ing reagent in the form of 

 exceedingly fine stellate crys- 

 tals, or as finely granular mat- 

 ter, which may in some meas- 

 ure account for the angular 

 character of the biliary capil- 

 laries, as seen in such specimens. Gentle curves, such as are 

 represented in Fig. 85, never appear. The constringing action 

 of the alcohol on the liver-cells has unquestionably some effect, 

 and therefore modifies the normal appearance. 



Natural injections further show the great preponderance of 

 the biliary- over the blood-capillaries. In the liver of a dog, 

 for instance, each liver-cell seems suspended within two or 

 three (rarely four) bile-capillaries, and where the latter are 



PIG. 86. Liver of a three-months' child, hard- 

 ened in chromic acid. The capillaries are filled with 

 red blood-corpuscles (indicated by colorless rings) and 

 a few leucocytes. The cross section of a bile-capillary 

 is shown within the boundary line of any two con- 

 tiguous cells. A similar cross section is shown in 

 the canal formed by three adjoining liver-cells. 



One need only compare Fig. 3 in Davis's article with Fig. 84 of Hering's, which, by 

 the way, is a good illustration. 



The first to describe the intralobular network of bile-capillaries were Andrejevic 

 (Ueber der feineren Bau der Leber. Wiener Sitzungsbericht, 1861) and MacGillavry 

 (Zur Anat. d. Leber. Wiener Sitzungsbericht, 1864). Chronszewski was the first to 

 inject the bile-capillaries by natural injection (Virchow's Archiv, Bd. 35). MacGillavry 

 Chronszewski, Budge, and others, described the bile-capillaries as possessing true 

 walls. 



