THE STOMACH. 



389 



exclusively to the unstriped variety of muscle-cells. A 

 thickening of the inner circular layer constitutes the pyloric 

 sphincter. 



The submucous layer is composed of loose connective tis- 

 sue, and it is for this reason that the mucous membrane is so 

 freely movable over the muscular coat. It is, moreover, owing 

 to this peculiarity that, 

 whenever and wherever 

 muscular contraction takes 

 place, the mucous mem- 

 brane presents numerous 

 folds, ridges, and eleva- 

 tions. Thus, we may find 

 in a perfectly healthy stom- 

 ach appearances quite an- 

 alogous' to those described 

 by pathologists as the so- 

 called etat mamelonne of 

 gastritis. 



The muscularis mucosce 

 frequently presents two lay- 

 ers of un striped muscle- 

 cells an outer longitudinal 

 and an inner circular one. 

 In some regions we observe 

 only one layer of longitu- 

 dinal muscle-cells. 



The gastric mucous mem- 

 brane is covered by a single 

 layer of columnar epitheli- 

 um, containing goblet-cells 

 in greater or less abun- 

 dance. These goblet-cells 

 represent ordinary epithelia, which appear to be bulged out 

 by mucoid contents. At the cardiac extremity of the stomach 

 there is a sharp, serrated line of demarcation between the 

 O3sophageal and gastric epithelial lining. The surface-epithe- 

 lium forms one continuous stratum, and is continued down 

 into the ducts of the gastric glands. The latter occur in two 

 distinct varieties, viz., peptic glands and pyloric glands. 



The peptic glands, also called gastric glands, are cylindrical 



FIG. 165. Transverse section through the fundus of 

 the stomach in a child : o, a, cylindrical epithelium ; 

 6, 6, peptic tubes ; c, c, muscularis mucosae ; d, d, pub- 

 imicous tissue ; , circular muscular layer ; /, longi- 

 tudinal muscular layer ; fir, peritoneum ; A, #, ganglion 

 of Auerbach. Klein. 



