TABLE I 



GROUP 



TYPICAL REACTION 



CH.OH 



Primary alcohol group 



=CHOH 



Secondary alcohol group 



Tertiary alcohol group 



=0=0 * 



Carbonyl group 



X OH 

 Carboxyl group 



NH 2 



Amino group 



C=N 

 Cyanogen group 



H 



Oxidises to aldehyde C' and acid 

 C0 2 H ^O 



Oxidises to ketone =CO and mixture of acids. 

 Oxidises to mixture of acids. 



OH 



With ammonia forms =C 



With hydrocyanic acid forms =( 

 With phenyl hydrazine forms 





.OH 



Yields on reduction 



and C OH 



Combines with alcohols to form esters of the 

 general formula COOR 



Replaces H in hydrocarbons to form a 

 primary amine, e.g., CH 3 NH 2 , methylamine ; 

 CgHj NH 2 , phenylamine or aniline. 



Replaces hydrogen in an acid to form amino 

 acids thus, CHoNH 2 , amino-acetic. 



C0 2 H 



Replaces OH in the carboxyl group of an 

 acid to form an amide thus, CH 3 CONH 2 , 

 acetamide. 



Treated with nitrous acid yields nitrogen 

 and an alcohol, thus : 

 RNH 2 + HONO = ROH + N 2 + H 2 

 The hydrogen in the NH 2 can be further 

 replaced, yielding : 



R 2 NH R.,N 



Secondary amine Tertiary amine 



On hydrolysis yields the carboxyl group 



C0 2 H 

 On reduction yields an amine, RCH 2 NH 2 



