362 



INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY 



Evolution of plants, 304-306 

 Existence, struggle for, 167-170 



Family, 196 



Fermentation, 246, 247 



Ferments, 135, 165, 166 



Fern gametophyte, 274*, 275 



Fern leaflets, 276* 



Ferns, *269~281 



Fertilization, 16, 136*, 137, 290, 291* 



Fertilization in angiosperms, *301~30- 



Fiber plants, 312-314 



Fibrovascular bundles, 11*, 13, 62*, 



63, 67, 275, 276 

 Filament, 128*, 129 

 Filicineae, 281 

 Fireweed, flowers of, 153* 

 Fissidens, 263* 

 Fission plants, 260 

 Fleshy leaves, 80* 

 Fleshy roots, 29* 

 Flora, 137 



Floral diagrams, 133* 

 Floral organs, 14*, 15*, 125-133, 298- 



302 



Flower, * 14-1 6, * 125-1 55 

 Flower buds, 95*, 99*, 101* 

 Flowering plants, 299 

 Flowers, ecology of, *137-154 

 Food, raw materials for, 7, 37, 38 

 Food, storage of, 17*, 43-46 

 Food, storage of, in stem, 43, 44 [43 

 Food, transportation of, in plant, 42, 

 Food cycle, 7*, 38-48 

 Food manufacture, 7, 13, *34-40 

 Forest plantations, 114, 115*, 117* 

 Forestry, *1 11-124 

 Forests, pure and mixed, 112 

 Forests, regulators of water supply, 



118-120 



Fossil plants, 280, 294-296 

 Fruit, 303, 304 

 Fruit bud, 99* 

 Fruit scars, 104 

 Fruit spurs, 98, 99*, 100 

 Fruits, edible, *315-319 

 Fucus, 230, 231*, 260 

 Fuel value of wood, 108 

 Fungi, *234-261 

 Fungi, classification of, 261 



Gamete, 225, 228 

 Gametophyte, 266, 274* 

 Gardening, 319 

 Generations, alternation of, 266 



Generative cells in pollen tube, 135* 



291* 



Generative nucleus, 135* 

 Genus, 194 



Geranium leaf, section of, 36* 

 Geranium (Pelargonium) shoot, 69* 

 Germ diseases, 210-218 

 Germination, 17, 18*, *159-166 

 Gills, 258 



Grafting, 91, 92*, 93, 316*, 317 

 Grain, 17*, 156. See also Cereals, 



Corn, Wheat 

 Grape mildew, *238-242 

 Grapes, 330, 331 

 Grasses, 175*, 314-315 

 Gray, Asa, 196 

 Green algae, *221-230 

 Green felt. See Vaucheria 

 Green slime, 222* 

 Groundsel, 28* 

 Groups of plants, 196 

 Growing point, 67, 101 

 Growth of stem, 60, 61, 66, 67 

 Guard cells, 35*, 36* 

 Gymnosperm, life history of, *282- 



292 



Gymnosperm cones, 288*, 293* 

 Gymnosperms, *282~296 

 Gymnosperms, classification of, 306 

 Gymnosperms of past ages, 294, 296 

 Gymnosporangium, 254 

 Gypsy moth, destruction caused by, 



123* 



Hairs, root, 9, 10*, 11*, 42* 



Half-inferior ovary, 132 



Hard bast, 64* 



Hard woods, 109, 110* 



Hard-wood trees, 109, 110, 112*, 



113* 



Haustoria, 31*, 239 

 Hawk moth, 146* 

 Hays, W. M., 180 

 Heartwood, 66 

 Helotism, 330 

 Hemlock, 293*, 294 

 Hemp, 313 

 Hepaticse, 281 

 Heredity. See Coming true from the 



seed 



Heterocyst, 220 

 Hickory, buds of, 95* 

 Holdfast, 230, 233 

 Honeybee, 146* 

 Hopkins, C. G., 179, 183 



