PULSE OF THE IRRIGATION INDUSTRY. 



secure the best results and must theretore be attached 

 to gearing. 



Probably the cheapest and most economical water- 

 elevator is the current wheel. This has one set of 

 stationary buckets or paddles that are struck by the 

 current of the river or creek, that turns the wheel and 

 a set of adjustable buckets fill with water as they 

 revolve and on reaching the highest point are tipped 

 automatically and the water is discharged into a 

 trough which conveys it to the land. 



It is doubtful if any cheaper power will be dis- 

 covered for lifting water than the water itself, unless 

 it be the wind. Now that inventors have secured 

 by proper construction of the frame fully eighty per 

 cent, of the pressure applied by the wind to the mill's 

 surface, the prospect of a cheap power for lifting 

 water is favorable, and we can hope that within a few 

 years that every farmer will own and have at work 

 one or more of these machines, that will be lifting 

 water into reservoirs, from whence it can be carried 

 out over his garden, orchards and fields, and in this 

 way safely solve the food question for all parts where 

 the canal may not go. 



But too much should not be expected from irriga- 

 gation. So far the business has not justified in any 

 of the states the expenditure of any great amount of 

 money for water for field crops. Irrigation as a 

 means of securing every year a sufficient food supply 

 from the soil of Nebraska has become imperative. 

 Three, five or even ten acres of land irrigated and 

 well and intensively cultivated, a sufficient food sup- 

 ply can be obtained, and it is safe to say that the few 

 acres well tilled and well cultivated will be the suc- 

 cessfully irrigated farm. Do not want to rush wildly 

 into the contracting of 80 or 160 acre water rights. 

 We shall do better with five or ten acres for the first 

 few years. 



Wherever practical, the canals should be con- 

 structed, owned and managed by the farmers them- 

 selves. In Utah fully 90 percent, of the canals have 

 been constructed by the Utah farmer, who owns, 

 manages, and controls them. This places land and 

 water under direct control of the farmers themselves, 

 making land and water inseparable. In Colorado 

 95 per cent, of the canals have been constructed by 

 the farmers and from 90 to 98 per cent, of all the 

 canals of the west, with the exception of some of the 

 very largest, have been built by the farmer and this 

 without bonds or foreign capital. 



We dp not favor the voting of bonds to private 

 corporations for canal construction. 



A CALIFORNIA ENGINEER. 



PROMINENT among the irrigation engineers is 

 H. Clay Kellogg, a native son of California, 

 ^ who came to Anaheim in 1869, the first colony in 

 the State where irrigation was successfully practiced. 

 Here as a boy assisting his father on the farm he 

 acquired a knowledge of the value of irrigation, and 

 saw that it would be a good opening for any one who 

 would devote their attention to it, hence in his col- 

 lege course he made a specialty of engineering and 

 hydraulics. During the last three years of his course 

 he did considerable surveying, which afforded a good 

 opportunity to put theory into practice; but he did not 

 take up the practice of engineering as a business un- 

 til three years later, in 1881. The first work of any 

 magnitude was the laying out of the town and colony 



H. CLAY KELLOGG, 

 Of Anaheim, Cal. 



of Elsinore in 1883. On the organization of the Ana- 

 heim Union Water Company, in 1884, he was made 

 their engineer, and subsequently he was appointed 

 their superintendent of construction, which position 

 he held until 1886, when he accepted the position as 

 surveyor for the South Riverside Land and Water 

 Company, laying out their town and colony in 1886-7. 

 He was made engineer of their water system in 

 1887, and has charge of their work in that line 

 ever since. In 1888 he built the Southern Califor- 

 nia Motor Railway from San Bernardino to River- 

 side. In 1889 he was appointed engineer of the 

 Anaheim Irrigation District, and made all their pre- 

 liminary surveys. In 1892 he planned and super- 

 verised the construction of the inverted siphon in 

 the Orange canal for the Santa Ana Valley Irriga- 

 tion Company. This is a concrete conduit seven 

 feet inside diameter, constructed in the bottom of the 

 old tunnel; also nine miles of 24-inch pipe line over 

 a rough mountainous country, containing fourteen 

 inverted siphons, for the South Riverside Company 

 during the same year. In 1893-4 he was constructing 

 engineer for the Peoria Canal Company in the re- 

 building of their dam across the Gila river at Gila 

 Bend, A. T. The dam was completed on June 30th 

 of 1894. The water ran over the top of it on August 

 10th, and has been passing over it quite liberally ever 

 since, and is a monument demonstrating the charac- 

 ter of the work performed. Mr. Kellogg has just been 

 elected County Surveyor of Orange county, where 

 there is a good field for the exercise of skill" in river 

 improvement. All the works constructed by Mr. 

 Kellogg are in successful operation, and the towns 

 and colonies of Elsinore and South Riverside are be- 

 coming large and thriving places, and his standing 

 as an engineer in those communities is an evidence 

 of his ability. 



