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MACHINERY AND APPLIANCES 



BUILDING CANALS CHEAPLY. 



The New Era grader and ditcher, and its 

 predecessor, the Wauchope, have been in 

 use for nearly twenty-five years, and have 

 always given satisfaction. The New Era 

 is designed especially for building large 

 irrigation canals, railroad embankments 

 and levees. The chief points in its con- 

 struction are as follows: 



The plow is constructed to stand as 

 great strain as any plow moved by horse 

 power; and by draft chains, gauge wheel, 

 guide arms and elevator chains, is easily 

 controlled by the operator. 



The carrier is built in four sections and, 

 by bolting together the various parts, will 

 carry and deliver earth at fourteen, seven- 

 teen, nineteen or twenty-two feet from the 

 plow, or if necessary can arrange for 

 twenty -four -foot delivery, or at its extreme 

 length, at a height of eight feet above the 

 plow. The transverse carrying belt is of 

 heavy three-ply rubber, three feet in 

 width, and arranged so it can be readily 

 and quickly changed in length. It is 

 moved upon a system of rollers in the 

 carrying frame by a drum at the outer end 

 of the carrier, driven by a strong gearing 

 attached to a heavy steel shaft, which con- 

 stitutes at once the rear axle of the ma- 

 chine, as well as the propelling power of 

 the carrier, by means of the broad rear 

 wheels, which are ratcheted at each end. 



The truss work is broad and low, cover- 

 ing eight feet in width by fourteen feet in 

 length, exclusive of the long carrier. 



This enables it to work on steep hill- 

 sides, where any wheeled implement can 

 be used, and as the front wheels are low 

 and turn under the truss work, the ma- 

 chine is very readily turned in much less 

 time and space than required for a lumber 

 wagon. 



The New Era is built with its various 

 parts, severally and collectively, of the 

 requisite strength for endurance in the 

 many kinds of work to which it may be 

 subjected, with a minimum of wear and 

 breakage, and while supplied with every 



necessary mechanical device essential to 

 its many uses, it is yet so simple in its 

 construction that any man of ordinary in- 

 telligence readily comprehends its manage- 

 ment, and with brief experience can suc- 

 cessfully operate it. 



The working force necessary to operate 

 the New Era is twelve horses and three 

 men. Eight horses are used in front; four 

 abreast, guided by one driver, and four 

 are driven behind on a push cart and con- 

 trolled by a second driver, while the third 

 man, who usually acts as foreman, governs 

 the working of the machine. 



The cost of moving earth in great quan- 

 tities by means of the New Era grader is 

 reduced to a minimum. 



For smaller ditches and road making 

 the Austin Steel Reversible machine will 

 do the work rapidly and cheaply, and bet- 

 ter than can be done with plows and 

 scrapers. 



The F. C. Austin Manufacturing Com- 

 pany, of Chicago, who manufacture the 

 New Era Grader and Reversible machine, 

 also make rock crushers, street sweepers, 

 sprinklers and rollers, contractors' plows, 

 wheel and drag scrapers, tubular truss 

 bridges and well- making machinery. 



Catalogues, price lists, and special in- 

 formation will be sent upon application 

 if THE IRRIGATION AGE is mentioned when 

 writing. See advertisement on inside 

 back cover. 



ACCORDING to the United States census 

 there were in June, 1890, upon farms, 

 8,097 artesian wells. Three thousand 

 nine hundred and thirty wells were em- 

 ployed in irrigation, watering 51,896 

 acres, or an average of 13.21 acres per 

 well. Over one-half of these wells were 

 in California. The average depth of these 

 wells was 210.41 feet and the average 

 cost $245.58. The number of wells and 

 the acreage irrigated has been very large- 

 ly increased since the taking of the census. 

 This is especially true of South Dakota, 

 where for the time being all other inter- 

 ests seem to be subordinated to irrigation 

 by means of artesian wells. 



