40 



THE IRRIGATION AGE. 



a day, children are not allowed to work in 

 factories under fourteen years of age, and until 

 they have passed through certain grades in the 

 schools. We compel employers in factories to 

 give a weekly, half holiday. No shops are 

 allowed to open on Sunday, and every shop 

 must close one day in the week at 1 o'clock 

 in the afternoon. The closing of the shops on 

 Sunday was not at all on secular grounds, but 

 simply to give employes a reasonable amount 

 of rest." 



FLOW OF IRRIGATION STREAMS. 



THE following information is furnished 

 by Prof. L. G. Carpenter, of the 

 Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colo. : 



The Cache a la Poudre river is a stream 

 typical of those of the eastern slope of the 

 Rocky mountains, and is one of which there 

 is the longest and the most continuous rec- 

 ord. A self-recording instrument was 

 placed on the stream in 1884. The years 

 of high water in one stream are usually 

 the same with others, as the meteorologi- 

 cal conditions causing a heavy or light 

 snowfall over the mountain watersheds 

 are usually the same. So closely alike are 

 the conditions of melting, that frequently 

 the highest stage of water will be reached 

 bv a number of streams on the same day. 



Up to the present date, June 17, the 

 Cache a la Poudre has been unusually low, 

 which the reports of light snowfall in the 

 mountains gave reason to expect. So far, 

 the year compares with 1888 and 1889, 

 which were unusually low. The highest 

 water, due to melting snow, was reached 

 on May 29, when there was 1,900 cubic feet 

 per second at the time of highest water of 

 the day. On May 30 and 31 the river was 

 higher, reaching 3,340 second-feet for a 

 short time on the 30th, due to heavy rain. 

 Since then the river has fallen steadily, 

 and the daily fluctuation due to the melting 

 by day and the freezing by night in the 

 upper elevations, is becoming less notice- 

 able. For the week ending June 9, the 

 average was 1,378 cubic feet per second, 

 while the average of the eleven previous 

 years was 2,272 second-feet, showing a 

 decrease of 900 cubic feet per second. For 

 the week ending June 17, the average has 

 boen 1,180 second-feet, which is 800 feet 

 less than the average for eleven years. 

 This is 100 feet less than in 1888 for the 

 same time, notwithstanding that in 1896 

 water is received from the Laramie river 

 by works constructed within the last few 

 years. 



The following is the record for the year, 

 and is worth careful consideration. The 

 average only, for the earlier weeks, is 

 given. For the past two weeks is given 

 day by day, and the average for the same 

 time for the previous years also is given: 



Ave. Ave. 



Week ending. 1S9G. prev. y'rs. 



May 12 *964 856 



" 19 504 1033 



" 26 1007 1535 



June 3 1802 1846 



2272 

 2013 



1896. 

 1354 

 1355 

 1163 

 1139 

 1144 

 1077 

 1027 



Record of week June 10-16 average 

 cubic feet per second: 



1884 5118 1891 2386 



1885 2626 1892 1364 



1886 2258 1893 2515 



1887 1978 1894 2140 



1888 1280 1895 2967 



1889 1388 1896 1180 



1890 . . . . 1238 



ARTESIAN WELLS. 



THE following valuable and interesting 

 information has been extracted from 

 the volume on Artesian Wells by Walter 

 Gibbons Cox, C. E. : 



At the Carthusian Monastery at Sillers, 

 France, is an artesian well still flowing 

 that was bored in the twelfth century. 



In Algeria and the Sahara desert 12,- 

 000,000 acres of land have been reclaimed 

 and irrigated by means of artesian wells. 

 The aggregate flow from all the wells is 

 estimated at 80,000,000 gallons daily. 



Prussia is credited with the deepest bore 

 in the world, namely, that at Rybuik, Up- 

 per Silesia, made by the German govern- 

 ment for scientific purposes. The depth 

 to date is 6, 565 feet. 



In the United States the deepest suc- 

 cessful bore for water is in Virginia, where 

 the extraordinary depth of 5,060 feet was 

 reached. 



The Winton bore in Queensland, Aus- 

 tralia, is 3,995 feet deep with a flow of 

 1,100,000 gallons daily. 



There are two artesian wells in South 

 Australia, each flowing 1,200,000 gallons 

 daily. 



*3 days only. 



