THE DIVERSIFIED FARM. 



133 



after others were gone. He thought the Bor- 

 deaux mixture should be applied as a mist, and 

 that the Vermorel nozzle was best except for 

 the higher trees, where the McGowan was the 

 best. A tree should be sprayed till it drips. 

 You cannot throw Bordeaux mixture far when 

 reduced to a fog, and, therefore, for large trees 

 long bamboo poles must be used to hold the 

 nozzle close to the foliage. He used 900 pounds 

 of copper sulphate for thirty days' spraying. 



PHYLLOXERA IN THE SOUTH AFRI- 

 CAN VINEYARD. 



A CORRESPONDENT writing from 

 Stellenbosch, Cape Colony, South 

 Africa, to an Australian contemporary, 

 says: 



About 330,000 cuttings of American vines 

 will arrive here in the course of next month, to 

 be distributed among the vine growing popula- 

 tion. Phylloxera spreads without any inter- 

 mission, the devastations are so vast as to be al- 

 most beyond belief; some infections exist where 

 the vines die off by thousands. It is a pleasure, 

 though, to write of the great successes obtained 

 in the grafting of vines which develop with 

 unexpected rapidity. I have obtained with 

 green grafting most astonishing results; those 

 grafts, the stocks of which were planted last 

 year as unrooted cuttings, are now over five feet 

 high, and have five and even more well devel- 

 oped bunches of grapes to show. It is still 

 more astonishing that they are on the site where 

 the old vineyard died out, and the new plantation 

 took its place at once. 



BISMARCK TO THE FARMERS. 



BISMARCK must have taken to farm- 

 ing for profit since the emperor re- 

 lieved him as chancellor. At a recent 

 meeting of German agrarians the old em- 

 peror-maker is reported to have said: 



Husbandry is the first-born, but it is not 

 the most favored trade, because farmers cannot 

 live in the towns, and consequently they have 

 not much influence in making the laws. We 

 must stand shoulder to shoulder against the. 

 drones who govern us and produce nothing but 

 laws. 



A Bed Cedar Log, twenty-three inches 

 in diameter, is reported to have been pen- 

 etrated by a well auger near Lytle Creek, 

 San Bernardino county, Cal. , recently, at a 

 depth of 194 feet. Another tree of the 

 same kind was found sixteen feet further 

 down, or at a depth of 210 feet below the 

 surface. No red cedar is now growing 

 anywhere in the county. 



ing the world's markets for American pro- 

 ducts, we learn that the present commer- 

 cial rank of nations is as follows: United 

 Kingdom, United States, Germany, France. 

 The foreign commerce of the United Kiug- 

 dom is about equal to that of the United 

 States and Germany combined, while the 

 difference between tbe trade of the United 

 States, Germany and France is not very 

 great, the countries ranking in the order 

 named. 



Machinery and the Employed. No 



doubt the prevailing belief is that the ad- 

 vent of machinery in almost every depart- 

 ment of human industry has had the effect 

 to reduce the percentage of persons en- 

 gaged in gainful occupations, relatively to 

 the whole mass of people. Col. Carroll 

 D. Wright finds, however, by a careful 

 study of statistics that such is not the case. 

 Thus, he finds an actual increase of over 11 

 per cent, in the thirty years 1860-1890. 



The Althouse Valley in southwestern 

 Oregon is a well irrigated section, largely 

 devoted to the production of hay. Com- 

 paratively little grain is grown there, but 

 fruits, garden truck and hay always com- 

 mand good prices at the various mining 

 camps in the vicinity. That part of the 

 state has long been known as a rich gold 

 placer mining region, and considerable 

 activity is manifest in the development of 

 mining enterprises. 



Growing Tea Dr. Shepard, of Pine- 

 hurst, South Carolina, has about forty 

 acres devoted to tea plants, according to a 

 writer in the Country Gentleman. The 

 plant, as grown -by Dr. Shepard, is a shrub 

 about three feet high, and the plants are 

 placed in rows about six feet apart. 



World's Commerce From a bulletin 

 of the Department of Agriculture concern- 



Good Roads. Col. -F. V. Greene, of 

 the army, in an address at Union College 

 recently, alleged that Massachusetts ex- 

 pends at the rate of $66 per mile on her 

 wagon roads each year; New Jersey $43 

 and New York $30. Colonel Greene esti- 

 mates that the other states expend an 

 average of $18 per mile on their wagon 

 roads, or a total of $20,000,000 annually, 

 a large part of which is wasted. 



