12 



Decurved - refers to a bill that curves downward, as in the Whimbrel 

 (Plate 23). 



Down - the small fluffy feathers that lie beneath the covering of 

 contour feathers. 



Flight feathers - the large wing feathers (primaries, secondaries and 

 tertials) that provide lift during a bird's flight (see Fig. 8). 



Gonys (or Gonydeal angle) - the ridge where the two sides of the lower 

 mandible meet (Fig. 9). 



Laterally compressed - see compressed (Fig. 7). 



Lores - the area between the eye and the bill (see Fig. 6). 



Mantle - the upper surface of the wings (excluding primary feathers) 

 and the area of the back between the wings (Fig. 11). 



Marbled - intermixed colors of various shades; variegated. 



Nares - the external openings of the nasal passages (singular, naris). 

 These are usually on opposite sides of the upper bill (see Figs. 6 

 and 9). In petrels they are together in a tube on the top of the 

 bill near its base (see Plate 5); in cormorants, boobies and a 

 few other species they may be lacking. 



Nail - the bill tip; see nail chord under bird measurements (Fig. 5). 



Figure 11. The mantle. 



"MANTLE 



