19 



KEY B (Cont.) 



6' Wings gray (charcoal to very light gray) and white OR brown with white 

 flecking throughout OR if entirely brown (immature Heermann's Gull) 

 than remainder of characters do not fit; in immatures, color of 

 contour feathers does not give bird a boldly checkered appearance; 

 legs, feet and bill not black; claws not deeply curved (Plate 35-3). 



See GULLS (Page 51) 



7 Feet with 4 long toes all joined by webs; 12 tail feathers. 8 



7' Feet with 3 long toes joined by webs, 4th toe reduced in size; 



14-24 tail feathers. See GEESE (Page 34) 



8 Primary 10 only a few mm shorter than 9, only primary 10 cut out and 

 that very slightly; tail decidedly wedge-shaped; bill serrated, not 

 hooked at tip; middle toenail comb-like. See BOOBIES (Page 31) 



8' Primary 10 shorter than 8 or even 7, primaries 10, 9, 8 cut out on 

 inner web; tail fan-shaped; bill deeply hooked at tip, not serrated 

 along cutting edge; middle toenail not comb-like. 



See CORMORANTS (Page 32) 



KEY C. SIZE MODERATE TO SMALL, WING 162-337 mm. 



1 At least 1 (or all) of the outer 5 primaries with inner, outer OR 



both webs cut out (Fig. 10). 2 



1 ' No webs of any primaries cut out. 



2 Wings all of one color (black to brown) on upper surface. 3 



2' Upper wings with definite contrasting color pattern, if only that 



some coverts may be white-tipped. 5 



3 Extended wing broad and rounded; in folded wing primary 10 shorter 



than 8 or 7. 4 



3' Extended wing more pointed; in folded wing primary 10 longest OR 



at least longer than 8. See WATERFOWL (Page 33) 



