20 



KEY C (Cont.) 



4' 



Only primary 10 cut out; ratio of wing's width to total wing length 



is about 0.32 - 0.38; 3 toes connected by webbing, 4th toe lobed 



(Plate 36-3); 14-24 tail feathers. See WATERFOWL (Page 33) 



Primaries 10-8 cut out on inner web; wing very broad, ratio of width 

 to total wing length is greater than 0.40; 4 toes connected by webbing 

 (Plate 36-4); 12 tail feathers. See CORMORANTS (Page 32) 



5 Extended wing broad and rounded; 12 primaries; outer 3 primaries in 

 folded wing very close in length; webbing of primaries cut out near 

 tip as follows: 10 on inner web, 9 and 8 on both webs; no tail; toes 

 broadly lobed but not joined by webbing (Plate 37-5). 



See GREBES (Page 25) 



5' Wing more pointed, 11 primaries; primary 10 definitely longest OR 

 10 slightly shorter than or equal to 9; only primaries 10 and 9 cut 

 out OR if 8 included then cut outs subtle and that on 8 confined to 

 outer web; tail present; feet with 3 webbed toes and a 4th toe reduced 

 in size (Plates 34, 35, and 36-1, 2, 3). 6 



6' 



Tips of some wing coverts edged with white - giving flecked appearance - 

 otherwise upper surface of wings dark (almost black); primary 10 longest 

 in folded wing; primaries 10-8 indistinctly cut out, 10 on inner web, 

 8 on outer and 9 on both; tarsi flattened laterally (Plate 34). 



See LOONS (Page 24) 



Definite color pattern to wing, if only a single line of white pro- 

 duced by white tips of a row of feathers; primary 9 usually longest 

 feather; tarsi rounded. See WATERFOWL (Page 33) 



Primary 10 in folded wing equal in length to 6, primary 9 longest; 

 wing rounded and stubby, the ratio of width to total length about 

 0.43; wing charcoal gray with white edge of outer primary; toes very 

 long and lobed (Plate 37-4); bill chicken-like (Plate 19-5). 



AMERICAN COOT 



Not as in 7. 



8 



Wings very long and slender when extended, ratio of width to total 



length 0.23 - 0.25; distance from wrist to tip of primaries 1 1/2 



times the distance from wrist to shoulder; tarsi proportionately 



small, 1/10 the wing length; upper surface of wing silvery gray 



(with gray or brown edgings to coverts in immatures) OR black, 



whitish below. See TERNS (Page 62) 



