36 



KEY TO WATERFOWL (Cont.) 



14' Breast brown anteriorly, but white near belly (which is also 



white). OLDSQUAW, female 



15 Feathers of forehead extend forward on top of bill; feet red or 

 orange or orange-brown with black webs; in folded wing, primary 

 10 equal in length to or longer than 9. 16 



15' Feathers of forehead end abruptly and evenly at base of bill; feet 

 black or dark greenish-brown with black webs; primary 10 shorter 

 than 9 and 8 and sometimes shorter than 7. 17 



16 Largely black all over except for white feathers on forehead and 



nape; bill brightly colored. SURF SCOTER, adult male 



16' Largely brown; bill dull. SURF SCOTER, adult female and juvenile 



17 Largely black; base of bill orange; primary 10 distinctive: very 

 thin and cut out almost half its length on inner web and shorter 



than primary 7. BLACK SCOTER, male 



17' Largely brown; whitish cheeks; primary 10 shorter than 8 and only 



indistinctly cut out if at all. BLACK SCOTER, female and juvenile 



18 Secondaries with blue coloration, sometimes very dull. 19 



18' Secondaries not brightly colored - plainly colored or tipped with 

 white OR not colored but wing with distinctive large white shoulder 

 patch and elongated sickle-shaped tertials. 22 



19 Secondaries blue, tipped with white; tertials elongated (longer than 

 other secondaries) and curved outward from body. 20 



19' Secondaries entirely blue (color may be very dull); tertials not 



noticeably longer than secondaries and not curved outward. 21 



20 All wing coverts white. STELLER'S EIDER, male 

 20' All wing coverts brown. STELLER'S EIDER, female 



21 All wing coverts blue-gray; tertials white. HARLEQUIN DUCK, male 



